of the young French Canadian party. He served in the war of 1812, had command of the company that preceded the American prisoners taken at Detroit to their destination at Montreal, and acted .as a captain in the militia till the close of the war. On 15 Jan., 1815, Mr. Papineauwas chosen speaker •of the Lower Canada house of assembly, which office he held for twenty years. In 1820 he was appointed an executive councillor by the new gov- ernor of Lower Canada, Lord Dalhousie. notwith- standing the fact that Mr. Papineau was leader of the radical party and had opposed the demand of the executive for a permanent civil list. In 1823 he went to London to remonstrate against the union of Upper and Lower Canada. In 1827 his •election as speaker was not ratified by Lord Dal- housie, who preferred to adjourn the parliament rather than sanction this choice, and it was not till 1828 that Papineau could take his seat. He prepared a list of the demands and grievances of his countrymen, which were embodied in " Ninety- two resolutions," forming the basis of petitions to the king, lords, and commons of the United King- dom. As it was considered that the prayers, or rather demands, of Papineau and his compatriots, if granted, would be subversive of British au- thoi'ity, they were refused. Papineau afterward •continued his agitation, recommending more vio- lent opposition to the home government, and in March, 1837, the fact that the latter empowered the executive of Lower Canada to use the public moneys of the province for necessary expenditures, still further increased the revolutionary feeling there. During September, 1837, Papineau attended the meetings of the agitators throughout the coun- try and intensified their feeling of animosity against Great Britain by his eloquent appeals to their national prejudices. On 6 Nov. a few loyalists were attacked in Montreal by a band of men be- longing to " Les fils de la liberte," led by Thomas Storrow Brown, an American resident of that city. As Papineau was held to be mainly responsi- ble for the uprising of the French Canadians, a warrant was issued on 16 Nov. for his arrest, which he evaded by escaping to Richelieu river, where the insurgents were prepared to rise at the bidding of their chiefs. He afterward was the guest at St. Denis of Dr. Robert Nelson, whose bravery was in marked contrast to the conduct of Papineau. The latter, instead of heading those whom he had in- cited to revolution, abandoned them in the moment of danger, and fled to Yamaska, on St. Hyacinthe river, whence he subsequently made his way to the United States. In February, 1889, he left for France, where he resided chiefly in Paris till 1847, returning in that year to Canada, under the general amnesty of 1840. He was subsequently elected to the united parliament, and led the opposition against Louis H. Lafontaine, one of his former followers. Papineau's political prestige being gone, he retired from public life in 1854, and after- ward resided at La Petite Nation Seignory, Otta- wa river. After his return to Canada he was paid £4,500 arrears of salary as speaker.
PAQUET, Anselme Homere, Canadian sena-
tor, b. in Quebec, 29 Sept., 1830; d. 22 Sept., 1891.
He was educated at the C'ollege of L'Assomjition,
and graduated at the College of physicians and
surgeons of Lower Canada. He became professor
of medical clinic at the Hotel Dieu hospital, of hy-
giene and public health at the IMontreal school of
medicine and surgery, and a member of the medi-
cal faculty of Victoria university. Dr. Paquet was
an unsuccessful candidate for the legislative coun-
cil in 1863, represented Berthier in the Canada
assembly from 1863 till 1867, and sat for the same
constituency in the Dominion parliament from the
union till 9 Feb., 1875, when he became a senator.
PARADISE, John, artist, b. in New Jersey, 24
Oct., 1783 ; d. in New York city, 16 June, 1834.
He was apprenticed to a village saddler in his
youth, but, not being strong enough for the work,
abandoned it for the more congenial pursuit of
painting, and went to Philadelphia, where he was
a pupil of Denis A. Volozan. At twenty years of
age he began professional work as an artist, and
in 1810 removed to New York, where he became a
member of the National academy of design on its
formation in 1826. Mr. Paradise was a member of
the Methodist church, and is principally known by
his portraits of Methodist divines, which were en-
graved by his son for a sectarian magazine. He
had a correct eye for drawing, and therefore gener-
ally produced strong resemblances in his portraits,
but his ability as an artist was not very high. — His
son, John Wesley, engraver, b. in 1809 ; d. in New
York city, 17 Aug., 1862, at the age of sixteen be-
came a pupil of Asher B. Durand, to learn the
art of engraving, and produced, in conjunction
with his master, portraits of William Dunlap,
Elkanah Watson, and Morgan Lewis. All of his
plates are small, and for many years he was occu-
pied principally on bank-note work. He was an
associate of the National academy, but his work,
which was in the Ijne-manner, has no great merit.
PARAGUASSU (par-ah-gwas-soo'), Brazilian
heroine, lived in the 16th century. Her father, the
cacique of the Tupinambas, gave her in marriage
to a shipwrecked Portuguese mariner, Diego Al-
varez Correa, who became famous among the savages
under the name of Caramuru-Assu, or Creator of
Fire. After some years of married life, Correa one
day saw a European vessel approaching the Gulf
of Bahia, and, suddenly taken by a longing for
civilization, made signals to the ship. When he
was leaving the shore in a boat that had been
sent for him, he was discovered by Paraguassu,
and without hesitation she swam after him and
was kindly received on board the vessel. Both
were landed in France and carried to Paris, where
Queen Catherine de Medicis took great interest in
the young Indian wife. Paraguassu quickly ac-
quired civilized customs, was instructed in the
Christian religion, and baptized under the name of
Catherine Alvarez, the queen being her godmother.
They returned to Brazil, and settled among the
Tupinambas, near the site of the present town of
Velha, where Correa acquired great influence in
the tribe. Pai'aguassu, with her countrymen,
aided the first Portuguese settlers, and caused the
Tupinambas to submit without great resistance to
foreign dominion. The territory of the tribe had
been included in the grant of one of the twelve
original hereditary captaincies, created in 1532, and
the grantee, Pereira Coutinho, wishing to usurp the
cultivated land around Velha, imprisoned Correa
on a false charge. Paraguassu immediately roused
her tribe, marched at their head against Coutinho,
and defeated his forces, and the captain with his
son perished in the encounter. The governor-general of Brazil, Duarte da Costa, informed of Coutinho's injustice and fearing the influence of Paraguassu over her tribe, thought it prudent not
to molest her. She lived for long years with her
husband and family at Velha, where she founded
in 1582 the first church, dedicating it to Nossa
Senhora da Gracia. Her remains are buried there,
but the year of her death is uncertain.
PARANA, Honorio Hermeto Carneiro Leao (pah-rah-nah). Marquis of, Brazilian statesman, D.
