Emmons being also published separately (Boston. 1861). He was one of the translators and editors of " Selections from German Literature " (Andover, 1839). He edited the " Writings of Rev. William Bradford Homer " (Boston, 1842), preparing an introductory essay for the second edition (1849); also " The Atonement,"' consisting of discourses of several divines, to which he prefixed an essay on the '• Rise of the Edwardsian Theory of the Atone- ment " (Boston, 1860). His other publications in- clude a sermon on " The Theology of the Intellect and of the Feelings " (Boston, 1850) ; an " Election Sermon" (1851); a pamphlet on "The Associate Creed of Andover Theological Seminary " (1883) ; and a volume of " Discourses on some Theological Doctrines as Related to the Religious Character " (Andover, 1885). He was associated with Austin Phelps and Lowell Mason in the compilation of " The Sabbath Hymn-Book" (New York, 1858), and, with Dr. Phelps and Daniel L. Furber, published '• Hymns and Choirs" (Andover, 1860), to which he contributed an essay on " The Text of Hymns."
PARK, James, iron-master, b. in Pittsburg,
Pa., 11 Jan., 1820 ; d. in Alleghany, Pa., 21 April,
1883. He received a common-school education.
and in 1837 began his business career. In 1862 he
turned his attention to the manufacture of steel in
Pittsburg, and his firm, Park, Brother and Co.,
was among the first to manufacture crucible cast-
steel in the United States. He was one of the syn-
dicate that purchased the patents of William Kelly,
{q. v.), and so was interested in the introduction of
the Bessemer process for converting iron into steel,
becoming in 1866 a member of the Pneumatic steel
association. In 1863 he was the first to introduce
the Siemens gas-furnace into this country. He had
a high reputation as a progressive leader among
iron-masters, and was active in the American insti-
tute of mining engineers. Mr. Park showed great
courage in July, 1877, in facing the rioters during
the labor troubles of the year, and making an ear-
nest appeal to them at the Union depot. He was a
trustee of the University of western Pennsylvania,
chairman of one of the first law and order associa-
tions in the United States, and a member of vari-
ous religious and temperance bodies.
PARK, John, journalist, b. in Windham, N. H.,
7 Jan., 1775 ; d. in Worcester, Mass., 2 March,
1852. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1791,
was preceptor at Framingham academy in 1793,
studied medicine, and was assistant surgeon in the
British armv at Port au Prince, Santo Domingo,
and from 14 Oct., 1799, till 6 July, 1801, surgeon
of the U. S. ship " Warren." In 1803 he estab-
lished at Newburyport, Mass., the " New England
Repertory," a semi-weekly Federalist journal, which
he afterward transferred to Boston. In 1811 he
disposed of his newspaper and established at Bos-
ton a high-school for young women, which he con-
ducted with great success for twenty years. In
1814 he published the Boston " Spectator."
PARK, Roswell, educator, b. in Lebanon, Conn.,
1 Oct., 1807; d. in Chicago, 111., 16 July, 1869.
He entered Hamilton college, but left on receiving
an appointment as a cadet in the U. S. military
academy, where he was graduated in 1831. The
same year he passed the final examinations at
Union college, and received the degree of B. A.
He was at once commissioned as 2d lieutenant of
engineers, and employed on fortifications at New-
port and Boston, and afterward on the Delaware
breakwater until he resigned, 30 Sept., 1836. He
was then appointed professor of cliemistry and
natural history in the University of Pennsylvania,
but in July, 1842, he resigned in order to fit him-
self for the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal
church. He was ordained priest in 1843, and
taught in Annapolis, Md., for the next two years.
In 1845 he became principal of Christ church hall,
a classical school in Pomfret, Conn., which he con-
ducted till 1852, when he was called to the presi-
dency of Racine college. Wis., after previously de-
clining the same office in Norwich university, Vt.,
which conferred on him the degree of D. D. in
1850. He served as president for seven years, and
then as chancellor till 1863, when he went to
Chicago and founded a literary and scientific
school called Immanuel hall, of which he was rector
and proprietor till his death. He published '• Se-
lections of Juvenile and Miscellaneous Poems "
(Philadelphia, 1836) ; " Sketch of the History of
West Point " (1840) ; " Pantology, or Systematic
Survey of Human Knowledge " (1841) ; " Handbook
for American Travellers in Europe " (New York,
1853) : and " Jerusalem and other Poems" (1857).
PARK, Trenor William, lawyer, b. in Wood-
ford, Vt., 8 Dec, 1823 ; d. at sea, 13 Dec, 1882.
When he was three years old he was taken by his
parents to Bennington, Vt., where he received a
limited education, being compelled to labor from
his childhood, but entered a law-office at the age
of sixteen, and at twenty-one was admitted to the
bar. He married a daughter of Hiland Hall, and
when the latter was made chairman of the U. S.
land commission in California, his son-in-law re-
moved to San Francisco, attained eminence at the
bar, and, engaging in real estate operations, ac-
quired a large fortune. He took an active part as
attorney of the vigilance committee in the repres-
sion of lawlessness in San Francisco, was a candi-
date for the U. S. senate, and increased his wealth
through association with John C. Fremont in the
control of the Mariposa estate and gold-mines. In
1864 he retired from business and returned to
Bennington, but he soon embarked in banking and
railroad enterprises, and undertook to establish
direct communication by rail between New York
and Montreal. He was part owner of the Emma
mine in 1872, and was successful in a legal con-
troversy that grew out of his management. He
was for several years a director of the Pacific mail
steamship company, and purchased a controlling
interest in the Panama railroad, of which he was
president from 1874 till his death. Mr. Park was
active in the erection of the Bennington battle
monument. He gave an art gallery to the Univer-
sity of Vermont, and founded a free library and a
home for destitute children at Bennington.
PARKE, Benjamin, b. in New Jersey, 2 Sept.,
1777; d. in Salem, Ind., 12 July, 1835. He re-
ceived a common-school education, and at the age
of twenty removed to Lexington, Ky., where he
studied law with James Brown, and was admitted
to the bar. In 1801 he settled in Vincennes, Ind.,
and was soon afterward appointed attorney-general
of the territory. He was a member of the first ter-
ritorial legislature in 1805, and was elected a dele-
gate to congress as a Republican, and re-elected at
the close of the term, serving from 12 Dec, 1805,
till 1 March, 1808, when he resigned on being ap-
pointed judge of the U. S. territorial court for
Indiana. In 1811 Judge Parke raised a company
of dragoons, fought at the battle of Tippecanoe,
and succeeded to the command of the cavalry. He
befriended the public library at Vincennes. assisted
in establishing Vincennes university, and was one
of the principal founders and the first president of
the Indiana historical society.
PARKE, John, poet, b. in Dover, Del., 7 April, 1754; d. near there, 11 Dec, 1789. He was edu-
