6 April. He had marched nearly 1,000 miles, constantly harassed by the Spaniards, although the distance from the point where he started to that which he wished to reach was but 240 miles in a straight line. Lussan published “Journal du voyage fait à la mer du Sud avec les flibustiers de l'Amérique” (Paris, 1688, 1690, 1705). It was dedicated to the minister of the navy, who, in common with most Frenchmen of the time, appeared to consider the exploits of Lussan worthy of approval. Although the work is confused, it contains curious and interesting details on the productions and manners of the natives of the countries he visited.
LUTZ, Nicholas, soldier, b. in the Palatinate,
Germany, 20 Feb., 1740; d. in Reading, Pa., 28
Nov., 1807. He was captain of a battery at the
battle of Long Island, where he was taken prisoner,
but was exchanged in 1779. He was a delegate
to the Pennsylvania convention to ratify the
Federal constitution in 1787, a member of the
Pennsylvania house of representatives in 1783-'94, and
was appointed assistant justice of Berks county
courts on 6 Feb., 1795.
LUZ-CABALLERO, José de la (looth), Cuban
educator, b. in Havana, Cuba, 11 July, 1800; d.
there, 22 June, 1862. He studied in his native
city, began in 1827 a tour through the United
States and Europe, and in his travels came in
contact with the chief scientific and literary celebrities
of the time, including the German philosopher
Krause, who paid a public tribute to Luz's
scientific and philosophical views. With Humboldt he
arranged to establish in Cuba a magnetic observatory
in correspondence with like institutions in
Germany. In 1831 he returned to Cuba, and
devoted all his time and energies to the cause of
education, assuming the direction of a college from
1834 till 1839. In 1848 he founded the College el
Salvador, where many that have attained reputation
in Cuba in literature, science, or politics have
been educated. La Luz is by general consent the
man who has done most for public education in
Cuba. There is a movement to erect a monument
to his memory in Havana. Among his works are
a translation of Volney's “Travels in Egypt and
Syria,” with notes and additions (Paris, 1829);
Siegling's “Public Prisons and their Reforms,” from
the German (1837); and numerous memoirs and
pamphlets on educational, scientific, and
philosophical subjects. There are several biographies
of La Luz, the best being that in Spanish by José
Ignacio Rodriguez (New York, 1874).
LUZENBERG, Charles Aloysius, physician,
b. in Verona, Italy, 31 July, 1805; d. in Cincinnati,
Ohio, 15 July, 1848. He was educated at
Landau, and at Weissenburg college, Alsace, and
in 1819 accompanied his father, who had been
commissary in the Austrian army, to Philadelphia.
He attended lectures at Jefferson medical
college in 1825, removed to New Orleans in 1829,
and became surgeon to the Charity hospital. He
soon became well known in his profession,
established the New Orleans medical school, of which
he was the first dean, and founded the Society of
natural history in 1839, and in 1843 the Louisiana
medico-chirurgical society, being of both first
president. In 1832-'4 he visited Europe, and was
made a corresponding member of the Academy of
Paris. He performed successfully many of the
most difficult surgical operations, such as the
extirpation of the parotid gland, the excision of six
inches of ilium, and the tying of the primitive
iliac artery. Dr. Luzenberg is also credited with
being the first physician on this continent to
prevent pitting in small-pox by exclusion of light.
LUZURIAGA, Torihlo (lu-thu-re-ah'-gah), Argentine soldier, b. in Juaraz, Peru, in 1770 ; d. in Buenos Ayres in 1837. He took part in all the
battles against the English army in 180T)-'7 in Buenos Ayres and Montevideo, made the campaign of upper Peru duiing 1810, under Gen. Balearce, and was present at the famous retreat of the patriot army, under Castelli, in Desaguadero. In 1816 he joined the army of the Andes, where he rendered important service to the cause of Spanish-American independence. He was elected governor of the province of Cuyo in 1816, and went to Chili in 1820. and afterward joined the Peruvian army, serving in these two countries as a general, and being elected marshal of Chili. He was commissioned by San Martin to the congress that was about to be established in the United Provinces of the River Plate, and afterward continued to serve his country till his death.
LYALL, James, inventor, b. in Perthshire, Scotland, 13 Sept., 1836. He came to the United States when he was three years old, and, after a school education, worked in his father's shop, making and mounting Jacquard machines for weaving. At the beginning of the civil war he served with the 12th New York infantry in the defences of Washington. In 1863 he invented a simple mixture for enamelling cloth, which was approved by the U. S. government, and led to his receiving large contracts for the manufacture of knapsacks and haversacks. He and his brother William employed upward of 4,000 men in filling the orders that they received. In 1868 he invented the Lyall positive-motion loom, which has since been adopted by the largest mills in the United States, and also in Europe, China, and Japan. Its advantages are the abolition of the picking sticks; a positive motion to the shuttle from any point in its course; the great width of the fabric that may be woven ; the variety of fabrics that may be produced, from the finest silk to the heaviest carpet ; the almost total absence of wear, and the very small amount of power required to operate the looms. There has been no corresponding advance in weaving since the application of power to the loom, and it is
claimed that no invention in any field has exceeded this in importance and value to humanity. Mr. Lyall received the gold medal of honor in 1869 from the American institute of New York, which was the first award of this prize. He founded with his brother William in 1861 the firm of J. and W. Lyall, which still carries on the manufacture of looms and machines. Later he established the Brighton mills to weave figured cotton goods, and ihe Chelsea mills for jute goods. These enterprises are in New York city, and are now (1887) under his direct management.
LYBRAND, Joseph, clergyman, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 3 Oct., 1793 ; d. there, 24 April, 1845. His parents were Lutherans, but he became a Methodist when about ten years of age, and, after receiving a good education, was admitted in 1811 as a candidate on probation for the ministry. From that time until 1842 he labored as an itinerant Methodist preacher, exclusively within the jurisdiction of the Philadelphia conference. As a pulpit orator Mr. Lybrand took high rank. "Of the many sermons I have heard him preach,*' said one who knew him over twenty years." I do not remember one that was deficient in logical structure, impassioned appeal, or chaste and beautiful illustration. His voice possessed great compass, and was round, full, and susceptible of the most tender modulations." So strong was his conviction that it was his duty to engage in no other
