QUEIROS, Pedro Fernandes de (kay'-ros), Portuguese navigator, b. in Evora, Alentejo, in 1560; d. in Panama in 1614. He is also known under the name of QUIROS, and most historians call him a Spaniard. He was a pilot in the Spanish service, and made several voyages to New Spain. In 1604 he received the commission of general and the command of an expedition to explore the Pa- cific ocean. Two frigates and a sloop were built in Callao. and Queiros sailed from that place, 21 Dec., 1605, Luis Vaes de Torres acting as his deputy. Their course was west-southwest, and they did not see land for 3,000 miles, when, on 22 Jan., 1606, they passed Incarnation island, and afterward t he Dezana archipelago, lying in 17 53' S. They la mini at Sagitaria island (now Tahiti) on 10 Feb., dis- covered, 7 April. Toumako, where King Tamay gave them valuable information, and on 25 April descried the New Hebrides islands, and an appar- ent continent, which Queiros named Tierra Au tral del Espiritu Santo. He arrived in Acapulco, 3 Oct., 1606, and, proceeding immediately to Mad- rid, presented to Philip III. a memoir in which he urged the advantages of colonizing the countries that he had discovered. The court of Spain re- fused him support, and he went to Panama, intend- ing to organize a new expedition with his own re- sources, but died there. His " Cartas al rey Felipe III." (Seville, 1610) are full of interesting details. The original narrative of his voyage has been pub- lished in volume xvii. of the " Viagero Universal," but a copy was issued during his life under the title " Narratio de Terra Australi incognita" (Amsterdam, 1613). The French version is better known : " Copie de la requete presentee au roi d'Es- pagne sur la decouverte de la cinquieme partie du monde, appelee la Terre Australe incogneue, et des grandes richesses et fertilites d'icelle " (Paris. 1617). Purchas gave also an English version of it in his " Pilgrimmes " (London, 1625).
QUENTIN, Charles Henry (kan-tang). French
missionary, b. in Bordeaux in 1621 ; d. in Sao Paulo,
Brazil, in" 1683. He became a Jesuit, went in his
yi'iitli to South America, and was attarln'd tn thr
missions of the Amazon. He became afterward
visitor of the order, founded several missions in
the provinces of Sao Paulo and Minas Geraes,
built schools and convents, and labored much to
improve the condition of the Indians. He left
several manuscripts, both in French and Spanish,
whHi are now in the National library of Paris.
One of them has been published under the title
" Journal de la mission du pere Charles Quentin
dans la terre du Bresil, de 1670 a 1680 " (2 vols.,
Paris, 1852). It contains curious and interesting
details of the early stages of the Portuguese con-
quest and the Indians of southern Brazil.
QUERARD, Louis Francois (kay-rar), West
Indian poet, b. in Dondon, Santo Domingo, in
1706; died in Cape Franeais in 1749. His father
was a colonial magistrate, and the son held for
several years an office in the department of the
king's lieutenant at Cape Francais. In 17'iii he
published a volume of verses, " Melodies Indiennes "
(Cape Francais), which was received with favor.
The author pretended in his preface that he had
translated and adapted into French the Indian
recitatives that were sung at festivities. Encour-
agement was given him and he received 300 livres
from Cardinal Fleury. But Querard prc'trndnl
afterward to give a new series of Indian poems,
which represented the natives as having attained a
far greater state of civilization than the early dis-
coverers had credited them with, and he was accused
of imposing on the public. His Indian poems are
now considered to rank with Villemarie's Celtic
songs, and the poem of Clotilde de Surville. The
greater part was certainly the original work of the
author. They are " Chants de guerre des Cara'i I ir-"
(Cape Franyais. 17-!7i: "< 'hunts de victoire au re-
tour de la bataille " (1737); L'appel aux armes "
(1738); "Lamentations d'un Indien sur le corps de
sa fille " (1740): " Daiix-s de manage" (1740) ; and
" De Fecriture Caraibe; comment les Indiens con-
servaient la memoire des evenements importants
au moyen d'un systeme de cordelettes de diverses
couleurs " (1741). which Querard wrote in answer to
his detractors.
QUESADA, Gonzalo Jimenez de (kay-sah'-
dah), Spanish adventurer, b. in Granada in 1495 ;
d. in Mariquita in 1597. He studied law in Se-
ville, and in 1535 was appointed chief justice of
the province of Santa Marts in South America.
He commanded an expedition to explore the in-
terior of the country. He left Santa Marta, 6
Aug., 1536, at the head of 900 men. and, after many
hardships and more than a year of warfare with
the Indians, conquered the plateau of Bogota,
where, on 6 Aug.. 1538, he founded a city, which
he called Santa Fe, and the country New Grana-
da. Shortly afterward there arrived on the pla-
teau of Bogota, from different directions, the ex-
ploring expedition of Sebastian de Velalcazar, one
of Pizarro's lieutenants, who came from Quito,
and Nicolas Federmann (q. r.), from Coro. Nego-
tiations were opened between the three explorers ;
Federmann agreed, for $10.000. to turn over his
forces to Quesada, and Velalcazar to retire to the
southwestern provinces, leaving Cundinamarca to
the first conqueror, pending the decision of the
crown. Quesada, leaving his brother, Hernan Pe-
rez, in charge, set out for Europe. He met the
I'Miprror at Ghent, but offended him by an os-
tentatious display of luxury, and he was also op-
posed by the friends of his former chief. Lugo, who
had died. Quesada was passed over, and a son of
Lugo, Alonso Luis, obtained the commission of
governor of New Granada in 1542. Shortly after-
ward Quesada obtained leave to join his brother in
the New World, but was persecuted by the gover-
nor, imprisoned, and exiled. He resolved to seek
justice in Spain, and returned to New Granada as
commander-in-chief of the troops. In 1569, under
the government of Diaz de Leiva (q. v.), he made an
unsuccessful expedition to discover " El Dorado."
returning from the banks of the river Guaviare.
He was afterward reinstated as captain-general,
and died, a centenarian, of leprosy. His remains
were transported to the cathedral of Bogota,
QUESADA, Manuel de, Cuban patriot, b. in Puerto Principe about 1830; d. in Costa Rica in 1886. In 1853 he emigrated to Mexico on account of his political ideas, and entered the army, serving under Juarez against the empire. He was soon distinguished by his bravery, was brevetted brigadier-general, and became, governor of Coahuila and Durango. When the Cuban insurrection began in 1868, he fitted out an expedition in the United States and landed at Guanaja, on the northern part of the island, in December of the same year. He devoted his attention to organizing the Cuban forces and was appointed their commander-in-chief. In this capacity he took part, in several engagements, especially at Sabana Grande and Las Tunas, where he defeated the Spanish troops. In 1870 he was deprived of his command by the Cuban congress, and left the island. He then made a tour in the United States and the South American repiiblirs in search of aid for the Cuban cause, and succeeded in sending a few expeditions
