Young Persons” (Boston, 1833); prepared a “Harmony of the Gospels in Greek” (Andover, 1834); translated from the Latin of Wilhelm Gesenius the “Hebrew Lexicon of the Old Testament, including the Biblical Chaldee” (Boston, 1836; 5th ed., with corrections and additions, 1854); and produced a “Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament” (Boston, 1836; last revision, New York, 1850), a work which superseded his translation of Wahl's work, became a standard authority in the United States, and was several times reprinted in Great Britain. The fruit of his first survey of Palestine and historical study of scriptural topography was “Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mt. Sinai, and Arabia Petræa, a Journal of Travels in 1838, by E. Robinson and E. Smith, undertaken in reference to Biblical Geography” (Boston and London, 1841; German translation, Halle, 1841). It was recognized in all countries as the most valuable contribution to biblical geography and archæology that had appeared since the days of Hadrian Reland, and incited other students to enter this then neglected field of investigation. A second “Harmony of the Four Gospels in Greek” (Boston, 1845) was followed by a “Harmony of the Gospels in English” (Boston, 1846; London, 1847); also in French (Brussels, 1851). After his second journey in the East Dr. Robinson published “Later Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Adjacent Regions : a Journal of Travels in the Year 1852, by Edward Robinson, Eli Smith, and others, drawn up from the Original Diaries, with Historical Illustrations” (Boston and London, 1856; German translation, Berlin, 1856). Revised editions of the Greek and English “Harmonies,” edited by Matthew B. Riddle, were published in 1885 and 1886. A “Memoir of Rev. William Robinson, with some Account of his Ancestors in this Country” (printed privately, New York, 1859), is a sketch of his father, who for forty-one years was pastor of the Congregational church in Southington, Conn. Dr. Robinson's last work, “Physical Geography of the Holy Land,” a supplement to his “Biblical Researches,” was edited by Mrs. Robinson (New York and London, 1865). See “The Life, Writings, and Character of Edward Robinson,” by Henry B. Smith and Roswell D. Hitchcock (New York, 1863). — His wife, Therese Albertina Louise von Jakob, author, b. in Halle, Germany, 26 Jan., 1797; d. in Hamburg, Germany, 13 April, 1869, went in 1807 to Russia with her father, who held high posts under the government, and returned to Halle in 1816. In Russia she acquired an intimate knowledge of the Slavic languages and literature, and wrote her first poems. After her return to Germany she translated Walter Scott's “Old Mortality” and “Black Dwarf,” which she published under the pen-name of “Ernst Berthold” (Halle, 1822). All her other works were signed “Talvi,” an anagram formed from the initials of her maiden name. She wrote many original tales, some of which were collected in a volume bearing the title of “Psyche” (1825). A German translation of the popular songs of the Servians was issued under the title of “Volkslieder der Serben” (Halle, 1826; new ed., Leipsic, 1853). After her arrival in the United States, she translated into German John Pickering's work “On the Adoption of a Uniform Orthography for the Indian Languages of North America” (Leipsic, 1834). Her other works in the German language that were published during her residence in this country are “Characteristic der Volkslieder germanischen Nationen” (Leipsic, 1840); “Die Unechtheit der Lieder Ossians” (1840); “Aus der Geschichte der ersten Ansiedelungen in den Vereinigten Staaten,” comprising a history of John Smith (1845); “Die Colonisation von Neu England” (1847), which was imperfectly translated into English by William Hazlitt, Jr.; and three tales that were originally published in Leipsic and translated into English by her daughter, appearing under the titles of “Heloise, or the Unrevealed Secret” (New York, 1850); “Life's Discipline: a Tale of the Annals of Hungary” (1851); and “The Exiles” (1853), which last was republished as “Woodhill, or the Ways of Providence” (1856). She contributed occasional essays in English on the subjects that engaged her study to the “North American Review,” the “Biblical Repository,” and other American periodicals. One series of articles was reissued in book-form under the title of “Historical View of the Languages and Literature of the Slavic Nations, with a Sketch of their Popular Poetry” (New York and London, 1850). After the death of her husband, Mrs. Robinson resided in Hamburg, where her son, Edward, was American consul. Her last work was published in the United States under the title of “Fifteen Years, a Picture from the Last Century” (New York, 1870). A collection of her tales, with her biography by her daughter, was published (2 vols., Leipsic, 1874).
ROBINSON. Ezekiel Gilman. educator. b. in
Attleborough. Ma$.. :33 March. 1815; d. in Bus-
ton. 13 June. 189-1. He was graduated at Brown
and at Newton theological seminary in 18-12. He
was pastor of the Baptist church in Norfolk. \'a.,
during which period he served for one year. by
permission of his church. as chaplain at the Uni-
versity of Virginia. After a short pastorate in
Cambridge. Mass.. he became in 1H46 professor of
biblical interpretation in Western theological semi-
nary. L‘ovington. Ky. In 1850 he \\ as chosen pastor
of the Ninth street Baptist church. Cincinnati.
Ohio. In 1853 he was elected professor of theology
in Rochester theological seminary. and in 1560 he
was made its president. In 187:3 he resigned his
place at Rochester to become president of Brown
university. which office he resigned in 1889. Un-
its already high reputation. Dr. Robinson was pre-
eminently a teacher. broad and full in his scholar-
ship. stimulating and inspiring in his methods.
While he was faithful to his special educational
work. his high reputation as a preacher and lecturer
had kept him much in the pulpit and on the plat-
form. Hehad been a trustee of Vassar college from
its foundation. and received the honorary degrees of
D. D. and LL. D. from Brown in 1853 and 1872 re-
spectively. Dr. Robinson's published writings con-
sist chiefly of sermons. addresses, and review arti-
cles. For several years he was editor of the
“Christian Review." His books include a revised
translation of Neander‘s " Planting and Training
of the Church " (New York. 18(35): “ Yale Lectures
on Preaching " (INH3): and " Principles and Prac-
tice of Morality" (Boston. 11-488).
ROBINSON. Fayette. author. I). in Virginia:
d. in New York city, 26 March. 1859. He was the
author of “ Mexico and her Military Chieftains"
(Philadelphia. 1847): “ Account of the Organiza-
tion of the Army of the United States. with Biog-
graphies of Distinguished Officers " (IR-11"): " Cali-
fornia and the Gold Regions " (New York. 18-19);
“Grammar of the Spanish Language" (Philadel-
phia. 1850): a romance entitlet “Wizard of the
Wave" (New York. 1853): a translation of An-
thelme Brillat-Savarin's “ Physiologic. du gout "
(Philadelphia. IRS-1). and novels from the French.
ROBINSON. George Dexter. governor of Massachusetts. b. in Lexington. Mass., 20 Jan..
