Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/40

He was major of the 10th foot in 1758. and lieu- tenant-colonel in 1704. He commanded the left wing of the British force in the battle of Bunker Hill, and much of their success in that action was due to his bravery and activity. He was promoted colonel of the 38th foot for that battle, became major-general in 1777, had a command in Rhode Island in 1778, and was commissioned lieutenant- general the same year. He succeeded to the baronetcy in 1783.

PIKE. Albert, lawyer, b. in Boston. Mass.. 09 Dec., 1809; d. in Washington, D. C., 2 April, 1891. After a course at Harvard he became prin- cipal of N'ew- Imryport gram- mar-school. In 1831 he set out I'm 1 the partially explored regions i if i he west, i rav- elling by stau'e to Cincinnati, by steamer to N.ish- ville, them foot to Paducah, then by keel-boat diiwn the Ohio, and I iy steamer up the ]ii. In 1831. he panied a caravan

of ten wagons as

one of a party of forty men, under Capt. Charles Bent, from St. Louis to Santa Fe. He arrived at Taos on 10 Nov., having walked five hundred miles from Cimarron river, where his horse ran off in a storm. After resting a few days, he went on foot from Taos to Santa Fe, and remained there as clerk until September, 1832, then joining a parly of forty-five, with which he went down the Pecos river and into the Staked plain, then to the head-waters of the Brazos, part of the time without food or water. Finally Pike, with hull- others, left the company, and reached Port Smith. Ark., in December. The following spring he turned his attention to teaching, and in 1833 he became associate editor of the " Arkansas Advo- cate." In 1834 he purchased entire control, but disposed of the paper two years later to engage in the practice of law, for which he had fitted himself during his editorial career. In 1839 he contributed to " Blackwood's Magazine " the unique produc- tions entitled " Hymns to the Gods," which he had written several years before while teaching in New England, and which at once gave him an honored place among American poets. As a lawyer he at- tained a high reputation in the southwest, though he still devoted part of his time to literary pur- suits. During the Mexican war he commanded a squadron in the regiment of Arkansas mounted volunteers in 1846-'7, was at Buena Vista, and in 1847, rode with forty-one men from Sultilloto Chi- huahua, receiving the surrender of the cit of Ma- pimi on the way. At the beginning of the civil war he became Confederate commissioner, rn^oi Kit- ing treaties of amity and alliance with several Indian tribes. While thus engaged he wa- ap- pointed brigadier-general, and organized 1 indies of Indians, with which he took part in the battles of Pea Ridge and Elkhorn. In IMJI; he engi the practice of law at Memphis. During l^it he became editor of the "Memphis Appeal," but in 1868 he sold his interest in the paper and removed to Washington, D.C., when lie practised his pro- fession in the supreme and district courts. He retired in 1380, and afterward devoted his atten- tion to literature and Freemasonry. His works include "Prose Sketches and Poems" (Boston, 1834) ; "Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Arkansas" (5 vols.. Little Rock, 1840-'5) ; "Nugæ," a collection of poems, including the "Hymns to the Gods" (printed privately, Phila- delphia. 1854), and two other similar collections (1873 and 1882). He held high office as a Freemason, and prepared for that order about twenty- five volumes of ritualistic and other works.

PIKE. Austin Franklin, senator, b. in He- bron. N. H., 14 Oct.. 1819; d. in Franklin, N. H., 8 Oct , 1886. He was educated in the academies of Plymouth, N. II.. and Newbury. Vt, studied law under George W. Nesmith in Franklin, was admitted to the bar in 1848, and established a large practice. Five years afterward he began his political career by a successful candidacy for the legislature, was re-elected in 1851-'2, served in the -tate senate in 1857-'8, and as its presiding officer the latter year, and in 1865-'6 was sp< aker of the house. He was a delegate to the National Republican conventions in 1856 and 18IJO. and from the former year until his death was an active member of that party, being chairman of the Re- publican state committee in 1858-'ti(). lie was elected to congress in 1872, served one term, and was defeated as a candidate for the next cam a--. as he alleged, by frauds. He subsequently devoted himself to his profession for many years, and took high rank at the state bar. In 1883 the contest for the U. S. senatorship in the New Hampshire legislature, which continued during more than a month's balloting, ended in the election of Mr. Pike as a compromise candidate. Dartmouth gave him the degree of A. M. in 1858.

PIKE, Frances West Atherton, author, b. in Prospect, Me., 17 March, 1819. She was graduated at Free street seminary in Portland. Me., in ls-'!7. and married the Rev. Richard Pike in 1843. She has published "Step by Step" (Boston, 1857); "Here and Hereafter " (1858) ; "Katherine Morris" (1804); "Sunset Stories" (6 vols., 1863-'6); "Climbing and Sliding" (1866); and "Striving and Gaining" (1868).

PIKE, James Shepherd, journalist, b. in Calais, Me., 8 Sept., 1811; d. there, 29 NO;., iss-.'. He was educated in the schools of his native town, entered mercantile life in his -fifteenth year, and subsequently became a journalist. He was the Washington correspondent and associate editor of the New York "Tribune" in 185ti-'l>(i. and was an able and aggressive writer. He was several times a candidate for important offices in Maine, and a potent influence in uniting the anti-slavery sentiment in that state. In lsiil-'6 he was U. S. minister to the Netherlands. He supported Hor- ace Greeley for the presidency in 1ST',', and about that time visited South Carolina and collected materials for his principal work, "A Prostrate State" (New York, 1876). He also published "The Restoration of the Currency " < Isiis, ; "The Financial Crisis, its Evils, and their Remedy" (1869); "Horace Greeley in IS72" (1873); "The New Puritan" (187S): and "The First Illows of the Civil War" (1*711). His brother. Frederick Augustus, congressman. l>. in CalaK Me.. !l I lee., 1*11: d. there, 2 Dec., ISSIi. spent two years at Bowdoin, studied law, and was admitted to the liar in i> HI. lie served en; lit ten us iii the Maine legislature, was its speaker in ISliO. and was elected to conu'ress ,-,s a Kepnl'licati. retaining his seat in L861-'9, and serving for six years as chairman of