death. His -discoveries of new species of insects were supposed to have been greater than had ever been made by a single individual before. He was a frequent contributor to the "Transactions " of the American philosophical society, the New York lyceum, " American Journal of Science," and many other publications. His complete writings on the conchology of the United States were edited by William G. Birney (New York, 1858), and his writ- ings on entomology by Dr. John L. Le Conte, with a memoir by George Ord (New York, 1859).
SAYLER, Milton, congressman, b. in Lewisburg,
Ohio, 4 Nov., 1831; d. 18 Nov., 1892. He
was graduated at Miami university in 1852, and
afterward at Cincinnati law-school, and practised
law at Cincinnati. He was a member of the
legislature of Ohio in 1862-'3, was elected to congress,
and served by successive elections from 1 Dec., 1873,
till 1880. He was chosen speaker of the house of
representatives pro tempore, 24 June, 1876.
SAYLES, John. author, b. in Vernon, N. Y., 9
March, 1825 : d. 22 May, 1897. His ancestor came
to this country in the ship with Roger Williams,
whose daughter he married. John was educated
in his native town and at Hamilton college, and
in 1844 removed to Georgia. He taught there and
in Texas, and, having studied law in the mean
time, was admitted to the bar of Texas in 1846.
He practised successfully at Brenham, and was a
member of the legislature in 1853-'5. When the
civil war began he was made brigadier-general of
Texan militia, and he was subsequently on the
staff of Gen. John B. Magruder. He was appoint-
ed special judge of the supreme court of Texas in
, and in 1880 became one of the law faculty of
Baylor university. He had published " A Treatise
on the Practice in the District and Supreme Courts
of Texas" (1858); "Treatise on the Civil Jurisdic-
tion of Justices of the Peace in the State of Texas "
(1867) ; " Treatise on the Principles of Pleading in
Civil Actions in the Courts of Texas " (1872) ; " The
Probate Laws of Texas " (1872) ; " Laws of Business and Form-Book " (1872) ; " Constitution of
Texas, with Notes" (1872); "Notes on Texan Re-
ports " (1874) : " The Masonic Jurisprudence of
Texas, with Forms for the Use of Lodges and the
Grand Lodge " (1879) : and Revised Civil Stat-
utes and Laws passed by the Legislature of Texas,
with Notes" (St. Louis, 1888).
SAYRE, David Austen, philanthropist, b. in
Bottle Hill, N. J., 12 March, 1793; d. in Lexing-
ton, Ky., 11 Sept., 1870. He removed in early life to
Lexington, where he became a successful merchant
and banker. Though repeatedly meeting with heavy
losses, he gave about $500.000 to benevolent objects
during his life-time, including $100,000 to found
tin- Saver institute. His nephew, Lewis Albert.
surgeon, b. in Bottle Hill (now Madison), N. J., 29
Feb., 1820, was graduated at Transylvania univer-
sity, Ky., in 1838, and at the College of physicians
and surgeons in 1842. The office of prosector to Dr.
Willard Parker, professor of surgery in that insti-
tution, was at once given to him. and he held it until
. He was appointed in 1853 surgeon to Belle-
vue hospital, and in 18511 surgeon to the Charity
hospital on Blackwell's island, both of which posts
he continued to hold until 1873, when he became
consulting surgeon. Dr. Sayre advocated clinical
practice in medical colleges, and was in 1861
among the first to suggest the establishment of
Bellevue hospital medical college. On the forma-
tion of its faculty, he became professor of ortho-
pedic surgery, and fractures and luxations, and
later of clinical surgery, whii.h chair he still (1888)
holds. In 1844 he was appointed hospital surgeon
of the 1st division of the New York state militia,
but he resigned in 1866. Siin-i' 1*70 he has been
consulting surgeon to the Home for incurables in
Westchcster county, N. Y. From 1860 till 1866 he
was resident physician of the city of New York,
during which time he presented many papers to
the board of health. Among these was one show-
ing that cholera is a portable disease, if not a
contagious one, and could be prevented by efficient
quarantine regulations. In 1876 he was appointed
by the American medical association a delegate to
the International medical congress that convened
in Philadelphia, and in 1877 he was sent by the
same body as a delegate to the British medical as-
sociation. On this occasion he was invited to give
demonstrations of his mode of treatment of hip-
joint and spinal diseases in the University college
hospital, Guy's, St. Bartholomew's, St. Thomas's,
and the Royal orthopedic hospital in London,
also in Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and
Cork. In 1879 he went as a delegate to the 6th
International medical congress in Amsterdam, and
before that body gave demonstrations of his plan
of treatment for Pott's disease and lateral curva-
ture of the spine. He was present at the In-
ternational medical congresses in London in 1881,
Copenhagen in 1884, and in Washington in 1887,
at each of which he read papers descriptive of his
recent improvements in the treatment of the dis-
eases of which he makes a specialty. Dr. Sayre's
inventions include many surgical appliances, among
which are a uvulatome, splints for extension of
the hip-, knee-, and ankle-joints in chronic disease,
a flexible probe, improved tracheotomy-tube, bris-
tle probang for removing foreign bodies from the
oesophagus, scrota! clamp, club - foot shoe, new
method for treating fractured clavicle, and the use
of plaster of Paris in the treatment of spinal dis-
eases and curvature. In 1872 he was made a
knight of the order of Wasa by Charles XIV., king
of Sweden and Norway, for his services to medical
science. He is a member of numerous medical
societies at home and abroad, and was one of the
original members of the American medical associ-
ation, of which he was vice-president in 1866, and
president in 1886. His bibliography is exceedingly
large, consisting chiefly of contributions to profes-
sional journals, and includes the books " Practical
Manual of the Treatment of Club- Foot" (New
York, 1869) ; " Lectures on Orthopedic Surgery and
Diseases of the Joints" (1876), of which several
editions have been issued and which have been re-
published in Germany and France : and " Spinal
Curvature and its Treatment " (London, 1877).
SAYRE, Stephen, patriot, b. on Long Island, N. Y., in 1734; d. in Virginia, 27 Sept., 1818. He was graduated at Princeton in 1757, engaged early in business, and became a successful merchant and banker in London. He was sheriff of that city in 1774, and possessed the confidence of the Earl of Chatham at a critical period. He ardently favored the cause of the independence of the American colonies, and suffered for his devotion to his country. An officer of the royal guards, named Richardson, also an American, brought a charge of high treason against him for the use of a light and unguarded expression referring to the king's death. Mr. Sayre was committed to the tov.vr. and. though released soon afterward, his banking- house failed, and, having lost everything, he was forced to leave England. He was afterward employed by Benjamin Franklin on some important missions, was his private secretary for a period, and went with Arthur Lee to Berlin at the time of the first suggestion of the scheme of armed
