Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/600

SMITH, Gustavus Woodson, soldier, b. in Scott county, Ivy., 1 Jan., 1822; d. in New York city. 23 June, 1896. He was graduated at the U.S. military academy, appointed to the engineer corps, and was engaged in constructing fortifica- tions in New London harbor, Conn. He was as- sistant professor of engineering in the U. S. mili- tary academy in 1844-'6, commanded the sappers, miners, and pontoniers during the siege of Vera Cruz and in the subsequent operations of the war with Mexico, and in 1847 was brevetted 1st lieu- tenant for gallant and meritorious conduct in the battle of Cerro Gordo, and captain for Contreras. He was recalled to the U. S. military academy as principal assistant professor of engineering in 1849, became 1st lieutenant in 1853, and resigned from the army the next year. He was subsequently em- ployed in the construction of various government buildings, and in the iron-works of Cooper and Hewitt, Trenton. X. J. He was street commis- sioner of New York city in 1858-'61, and a mem- ber of the board to revise the programme of in- struction at the U. S. military academy in 1860. He returned to Kentucky at the beginning of the civil war. entered the Confederate service, and in September, 1861. was appointed major-general. He succeeded Gen. Joseph E. Johnston in temporary command of the Army of Northern Virginia on 31 M:i). 1862, and subsequently commanded at Rich- mond, was in charge of the state forces of Georgia in 1864-'5, and was taken prisoner at Macon on 20 April of the latter year. He was superintendent in charge of the Southwest iron-works at Chatta- nooga, Tenn., in 1866-'9,was insurance commis- sioner of the state of Kentucky in 18?0-'6, and since that time had resided in New York city.

SMITH, Hamilton Lanplicre, educator, b. in New London, Conn.. 5 Nov.. 1819. He was gradu- ated at Yale in 1839, and, while a student there, constructed what was then the largest telescope in this country, and, in connection with Ebenezer P. Mason, made an extended series of observations on various nebula?, the results of which were published in the proceedings of the American academy of arts and sciences (Philadelphia, 1844). He was professor of natural philosophy and astronomy at Kenyon college. Gambler, Ohio, in 1853-'68, and since the latter date has held the same chairs at Hobart. Trinity gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1871. He is 'president of the American society of microscopists and a member of several foreign and domestic learned societies. His publications include " Natural Philosophy " (Cleveland, Ohio, 1847); " First Lessons in Astronomy and Geology " (1848) ; " Species Typic* Diatomacearum," 750 specimens in thirty cases (1885-'7); and addresses before the American society of microscopists.

SMITH, Sir Henry, Canadian statesman, b. in London. England, 23 April. 1812; d. in Kingston, Ont.. 18 Sept., 1868. When he was eight years old he accompanied his parents to Canada. He was educated at Montreal and Kingston, studied law. was admitted to the bar in 1836, and in 1846 be- came queen's counsel. Soon after the union of Upper and Lower Canada in 1841 he was elected a member of the Canadian parliament for Fronte- nac, and he represented it till 1861, when he was defeated. He became a member of the MacNab- Morin administration as solicitor-general, west, in 1854, and held this portfolio in successive adminis- trations till 1858, when he was appointed speaker. In this capacity he went to London in 1859 and in- vited the queen, in behalf of the Canadian parlia- ment, to visit Canada and open the Victoria bridge. During the visit of the Prince of Wales to Canada in 1860 he was knighted, and soon afterward left the Conservative party and was defeated as a can- didate for parliament.

SMITH, Henry, police commissioner, b. in Amsterdam. Montgomery co., N. Y., 20 Oct., 1820; d. in New York city, 23 Feb., 1874. Early in life tie engaged in trade in New York city, and for twenty-five years he was one of the most active politicians in the Whig and Republican parties. He was a member of the New York board of coun- cilmen in 1854-'7, supervisor in 1862-'8, and presi- dent of the board of police in 1868-'74. SMITH, Henry Boynlon. clergyman, b. in Portland, Me., 21 Nov., 1815: d. in New York city, 7 Feb., 1876. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1834, was tutor there for several years, and studied at Andover and Bangor theological seminaries, and subsequently at Halle and Berlin. He was pastor of the West Amesbury. Mass.. Congrega- tional church in 1842-'7, professor of mental and mor- al philosophy at Amherst in 1847- '50, of church his- tory in Union the- ological seminary. New York city, for the subsequent five years, and of systematic theolo- gy there from 1855 till his resignation in 1873. He was moderator of the assembly of the new-school Pres- byterian church in

1863, and at the

general assembly of the next year delivered a discourse, which was published under the title of the " Reunion of the Presbyterian Churches " (New York, 1864). He was subsequently a member of the general assembly's committee on reunion with the old-school branch of the church, and presented a report on a doctrinal basis of reunion (1867). He read a " Report on the State of Religion in the United States before the Evangelical alliance which met in Amsterdam in 1867, to which body he was a delegate. He founded the "American Theological Review," and was its editor from 1859 till 1862. when it was consolidated with the " Pres- byterian Review," which he edited till 1871. The University of Vermont gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1850, and Princeton that of D. D. in 1869. His principal works are "The Relations of Faith and Philosophy " (New York, 1849) : " The Nature and Worth of the Science of Church His- tory" (1851); "The Problem of the Philosophy of History " (1853) ; " The Idea of Christian Theology as a System " (1857) : " An Argument for Christian Churches" (1857); "History of the Church of Christ in Chronological Tables " (1859) ; a new edition of the Edinburgh translation of Greseler's " Church History," volumes iv. and v. of which he chiefly translated (5 vols., 1859-'63): a revis- ion of the Edinburgh translation of Hagenbach's " History of Christian Doctrine " (2 vols.. ls61-'2) : a new edition of Stier's Words of the Lord Jesu>." with James Strong (1864 e t seq.) ; and, with Ros- well D. Hitchcock. " The Life, Writings, and Char- acter of Edward Robinson " (1864).

SMITH, Henry Hollingsworth. surgeon, b. in Philadelphia. Pa.. 10 Dec.. 1815: d. ther.-. 11 April, 1890. He was graduated at the University of