ton, in 1853; lecturer on chemistry and physics in St. James college, Md., in 1854; lecturer on applied chemistry in the Maryland institute in 1855, and professor of chemistry in the Maryland college of pharmacy in 1856. During the civil war he was actively employed as an inspector by the U. S. sanitary commission, and for a period was in charge of its operations in the Army of the Potomac as chief inspector. In 1871 he was elected by the Republicans to the state senate for four years. He was re-elected for a like term in 1875, and again in 1879. From 1855 till 1858 he was a contributor to, and afterward assistant editor of, “The American Medical Monthly.” In 1884 he was appointed librarian of the Enoch Pratt free library, remaining there till his death. He had published “H. Wills's Outlines of Chemical Analysis,” translated from the 3d German edition, with Dr. Daniel Brud (Cambridge, 1855); “Cantate Domino: a Collection of Chants, Hymns, etc., for Church Service,” with Henry Schwing (Boston, 1859); “Report containing a Diary kept during the Rebel Occupation of Frederick, Md., etc.” (New York, 1862); and also translations from the German, with monographs, reports, lectures, and speeches.
STEINHAUER, Henry Bird, Canadian clergyman,
b. in the Ramah Indian settlement, Lake
Simcoe, Ontario, in 1804; d. at Whitefish Lake,
Northwest territory, Canada, 29 Dec., 1885. He
was a pure-blooded Chippewa Indian, and received
his name of Steinhauer from a German family that
adopted and educated him. He accompanied the
Rev. John Evans, a Methodist missionary, to the
northwest in 1840, and settled at Norway House,
where he remained until 1855, and made himself
useful to the missionaries as an interpreter. He
assisted Mr. Evans in inventing and perfecting
the Cree syllabic characters, in which nearly all
books in the Indian languages are printed in the
northwest. He also translated into Cree the Old
Testament from the book of Job to the end of the
lesser prophets, and most of the New Testament.
He was ordained a minister in 1858, and lived
at Whitefish Lake.
STEINHEFER, Juan (stine'-hay-fer), German
botanist, b. in Silesia about 1650; d. in Sonora,
Mexico, in 1716. He studied medicine, entered the
Society of Jesus as lay-brother, and was sent as a
physician to Mexico, where he was assigned to the
missions of Sonora, making a study of the flora
of that region, which was entirely unexplored. He
wrote “Florilogio Medicinal Mejicano” (Mexico,
1712; Amsterdam, 1719; and Madrid, 1732).
STEINITZ, William (sty-nits), chess-player, b.
in Prague, Bohemia, 17 May, 1836. He was
educated in Prague, and finished his studies at the
Polytechnic institute in Vienna. He gained the
first prizes at several European tournaments, notably
in London in 1872 and in Vienna in 1873. At
the exhibition in Vienna in 1872 he tied for the
prize. Since 1862 Mr. Steinitz has won all single-handed
games against other famous players. In
October, 1882, he came from London to New York,
remaining until April, 1883, when he returned to
England to participate in the London chess-tournament.
In the autumn of 1883 he again came to
this country, since which time the United States
has been his permanent residence. From 1885
until the present time (1898) he has edited the
“Chess Magazine,” published in New York city.
In 1876 he published in London a pamphlet
entitled “The Match between Messrs. Steinitz and
Blackburn.” In his recent contest with Mr.
Zukertort in New York city his best efforts, by
contrast with the great memory and science of his
opponent, displayed remarkable originality and
fertility of invention.
STEINWAY, Henry Engelhard (stine'-way),
piano-forte manufacturer, b. in Wolfshagen,
Germany, 15 Feb., 1797; d. in New York city, 7 Feb.,
1871. The original spelling of the name is Steinweg.
After receiving a common-school education
in his native place, he was first apprenticed to a
cabinet-maker, then worked in an organ-factory,
and thereafter studied the art of piano-forte making.
His earliest youthful musical constructions
were zithers and guitars, for his own amusement.
At the age of fifteen the boy was left an orphan
and thrown on his own resources. After a time
Mr. Steinway began to make piano-fortes in a small
way in his native place, but, being dissatisfied with
the surroundings, came with his family to New
York city in 1850. Here for several years father
and sons were employed as journeymen in noted
factories, until they resolved to unite their knowledge
and experience and established the firm of
Steinway and Sons. In 1862 they gained the first
prize in London in competition with the most
eminent makers in Europe; and this victory was
followed in 1867 by a similar success at the Universal
exposition in Paris. According to Liszt, Rubinstein,
and other high authorities, the Steinways
have done more to advance the durability, action,
and tone-quality of their instruments than any
other makers of Europe or America. — Henry
Engelhard's son, Albert, b. in Seesen, Germany, 10
June, 1840; d. in New York city, 14 May, 1877,
early in the civil war was advanced to the colonelcy
of the 6th regiment of New York volunteers,
and later became brigadier-general on the staff of
Gov. John T. Hoffman.
STEINWEHR, Adolph Wilhelm August
Friedrich, Baron von, soldier, b. in Blankenburg,
duchy of Brunswick, Germany, 25 Sept., 1822; d.
in Buffalo, N. Y., 25 Feb., 1877. His father was a
major in the ducal service, and his grandfather a
lieutenant-general in the Prussian army. Adolph
was educated at the military academy in the city
of Brunswick, and entered the army of the duchy
as lieutenant in 1841. In 1847 he resigned and
came to the United States to offer his services to
the government during the Mexican war. Failing
to obtain a commission in the regular army, he
returned to Germany after marrying an American
lady. In 1854 he again visited this country and
purchased a farm near Wallingford, Conn. At the
beginning of the civil war he raised a regiment,
the 29th New York, which he commanded at the
first battle of Bull Run, forming part of the reserve
under Col. Dixon S. Miles. On 12 Oct., 1861, he
was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers
and placed at the head of the 2d brigade, Gen.
Louis Blenker's division, which was attached in
May, 1862, to the Mountain department under Gen.
John C. Frémont. When Gen. Franz Sigel
assumed command of the corps, after the organization
of the Army of Virginia, Gen. Steinwehr was
given the 2d division, and with it took part in the
campaign on the Rapidan and Rappahannock in
the following August. He also retained it when
the command of the corps passed into the hands
of Gen. Oliver O. Howard, and under that officer
fought in the battles of Chancellorsville and
Gettysburg. He remained with the army until the
close of the war. His home for several years before
his death was in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he
prepared an “Eclectic Series” of school geographies
that was widely circulated, and published “A
Topographical Map of the United States” and “The
Centennial Gazetteer” (Philadelphia, 1873).
