Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 5).djvu/770

county, and in 1813 began practice. In 1818 he wras chosen a member of the Pennsylvania house of representatives, serving three terms, and in 1825 be was elected to the state senate, being speaker of that body the last three years of his term. In 1830 he was appointed auditor-general of the state, which office he filled six years, and in 1838 and 1839 he was state treasurer and ended the " Buckshot war " by refusing to honor Gov. Ritner's warrant for payment of the troops. He was elected U. S. senator as a Democrat for the term that began 4 March, 183!), and was re-elected to that body, his last term expiring 3 March. 1851. In 1853 Presi- dent Polk appointed him treasurer of the U. S. mint at Philadelphia, which post he held until 1858. Although he was called the "silent sena- tor." In- was considered a hard-working commit- tee-member, lie made but one speech, ami that was to reiterate a remark he had made in commit- tee: " Any senator who says anything that would tend to the disruption of the Union is a black- hearted villain."

STURGES. Jonathan, member of congress, b. in Fail-field, Conn., 23 Aug.. 1740: d. there, 4 Oct., 1819. He was graduated at Yale in 1759, studied law, was admitted to the bar. and prac- tised at Fairfield. He took an active part in the pre-Revolutionary movements, and was a repre- sentative from Connecticut in the 1st and 2d congresses, serving from 4 March, 1789, till 2 March, 1793. He was a judge of the state su- preme court in 1793-1805, and was a presidential elector in 171)7 and 18(15. lie recehrd the derive of LL. D. from Yale in 1806. II is grandson, .Ion. il h.m. merchant, b. in Southport, Conn., 24 March, 1802; d. in New York city. 2s Nov., 1S74, went to Xew York in 1821 and became a clerk in a mercantile house, in which he rose to be a junior partner in 1828, and senior partner in is: id. He remained connected with the firm till 1868, when he retired with a large fortune. He was one of the chief promoters of the Il- linois Central rail- way and a director, during the civil war was among the most liberal and outspoken supporters of the gov- ernment, and took an active part in estab- lishing the Union league club, of which he was president in

1863. He was active

in I lie measures to break up the Tweed ring and to promote municipal reform in the government of the city of New York. He was distinguished for philanthropy, and was liberal as a founder or sup- porter of many charities in that city. He was at one time vice-president of the New York chamber of commerce, an active member of the Century club, and a generous patron of art. Mr. Sturges was an intimate friend of the poet Bryant, and was among the most active in the movement that led to the presentation of the vase, known as the " Bry- ant vase," now in the Metropolitan museum of art. STURGIS. Frederic Russell, physician, b. in Manila, Luzon, Philippine islands. 7 July, 1844. He was educated in London, England, and ISoston, Mass., was graduated as a physician at Harvard in 1867, practising in New York city. He has been visiting surgeon of the Charity hospital. New York, from 1872, was surgeon of the New York dispen- sary in 1877-'8. and became house physician there in iS78. He was appointed in 1874 clinical lec- turer on venereal diseases in the University of the city of New York, in 1880 professor of that de- partment in the same institution, and in 1882 pro- fessor of venereal and genito-urinary diseases in the Post-graduate medical school and hospital. Prof. Sturgis was president of the New York county medical society in 1881-'2, and a member of it- lioard of censors in 1878-'81. He has published "Students' Manual of Venereal Diseases" (New York. 1880); annotated and edited Diday's work on "Infantile Syphilis" (1883): and is the author of many articles on medical subjects.

STURGIS, Samuel Davis, soldier, b. in Ship- pensburg, Pa., 11 June, 1822 ; d. in St. Paul, Minn., 28 Sept., 1889. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1846, entered the 2d dragoons, served in the war with Mexico, and was made pris- oner before the battle of Buena Vista, but was ex- changed. He afterward served in California, New Mexico, and the territories, and was commissioned captain. 3 March, 1855. At the opening of the civil war he was in command of Fort Smith, Ark., but, all his officers having resigned and joined the south- ern Confederacy, he evacuated the fort on his own responsibility, and thus saved his command and the government property. He was appointed major of the 4th cavalry, 3 May, 1861, and served in Mis- souri under Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, whom Sturgis succeeded in command after his death at the battle of Wilson's Creek. He was made brigadier-general of volunteers, 10 Aug., 1861, was assigned to the Army of the Tennessee, and afterward to the com- mand of the Department of Kansas. In 1862 he was called to Washington to assist the military governor, and was given command of the fortifica- tions around the city. At the battles of South Mountain, Antietam. and Fredericksburg he com- manded the 2d division of the 9th army corps, and he was engaged in the operations in Kentucky from April till July, 1863. He was chief of cavalry of the Department 'of the Ohio from July, 1863, till April, 1864, and captured Gen. Robert B. Yanee and his command, 13 Jan., 1864. He was engaged at Bolivar. Tenn., 10 May, 1864, and in the expe- dition against Gen. Nathan Forrest, and in the fight near Guntown, Miss., 10 June, 1864. lie was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 6th cavalrv, v!7 Oct., 1803, colonel of the 7th cavalry, (i May. 1869, and was retired, 11 June, 1886. He had been 1 ire- vetted colonel for Fredericksburg, and brigadier- geiieral and major-general, U. S. army. 13 March, 1865. His son, JAMES GARLAND, b. in Allm- i|iieri[iie, N. M.,24 Jan., 1854, was graduated at the United States military academy in 1875, and was killed in the Indian massacre on Little Big Horn river, 25 June, 1876.

STURM, Daniel, French author, b. in Haguenau, Alsace, in 1761 ; d. there in 1814. He received his education at the University of Strasburg, and was graduated in medicine in 1789. In the following year he was appointed assistant surgeon of a regiment in Santo Domingo, but he fled to the United States during the civil war in 1793. and settled in Philadelphia, where he' practised his profession. After the peace of Amiens he returned to France, re-entered the army as surgeon-major, and served till 1811, when lie was retired on a pension. His works include "Dictionnaire de im'decine therapeutique, ou expose des moveiis curatit's employes dans les Antilles, La Louisiane et 1' A