NOTICES OF AKCHAEOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS. 313 uay, and not " entrance :" Ox-gates, cattle-gates, cow-gates, beast-gates, and sheep-gates, are of common occurrence in many counties, and eveiywhere imply a right of pasture only, either exclusively or in common with others. In some of the earliest instruments it is translated via. The shack, or common right referred to under that word, is not peculiar to Norfolk ; it occurs in Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, and other counties, and is evidently derived from the A. S. aceaccan, to escape ; being a right, either permanent or pre- carious, to suffer cattle to stray on the adjacent laud of another. Of this, or the like nature, is the grant of free escape, "liberi eschap," to be found in some ancient charters. Dr. Evans considers a hade of land to be identical with the headland of an arable field : the author best knows whether this is consistent with the unquestionable fact that grass was formerly grown upon hades. We know that tithe of hay was due from hades and leys hi this county,* and that the Vicar of Woolston, Warwickshire, claimed, and perhaps still enjoys, tithe of hay in " ancient hades," within that parish : '" so that a hade may be meadow, or, at all events, grass land in that county. In old pleadings it is sometimes translated by the Latin strir/a. Perhaps we may venture a further criticism on the collection before us. It contains too many words in universal and current use in England. " Coal-scoops," for instance, are known to us all. " Muck," " muck-forks," and " muck-heaps," are equally familiar. All builders know what " scant- ling "means; every bricklayer talks of "ramps" in a wall, and every stock farmer of " flukes " in his rotten sheep. " Bullyragging," or balliragging (for the orthography is unsettled), is too often heard in our streets to escape general notice ; nor has Leicestershire, or any other midland county, any right to claim " blackguard " as its own. BOOK OF 0RNA:IENTAL glazing quarries ; Collected and Arranged from Ancient Examples. By Augustus AVollaston Franks, B.A. Parker, 1849. 8vo. It is gratifying to observe the industry and earnestness with which the classification of national antiquities, and of all vestiges of middle-age art and design, presened in our countiy, has in later times been prosecuted. Scarcely half a century has passed since the most vague uncertainty existed in regard to the principles upon which the chronology of IMediajval Art may be established. The- very al])habet of many parts of Archaeological science was almost as obscure as are now the cuneifonn characters from Nimroud. No attractive hand-books and monographs displayed to the student a series of chiiracteristic examples, and, by detailed evidence for comparison, in almost every branch of research, facilitated the study of Monumental Art and Antiquities. The advances, which have been made towards a more intelligent pursuit ' Leicester rentals, Nichol. Leicest. vol. 1, Part II, Append, p. 82. '» Rot. Hil., U) Car. 1, B. R. Mayhue v. Greene.
