may consider the voice, Plato[1] observes, as percussion
(sound, that is,) transmitted, by the air, through the ears,
brain and blood, to the sentient principle. But as the
nature and properties of the air were then, from the
want of experimental science, unknown, they were avail-
able for any hypothesis; and yet there is evidence that
Aristotle, not to add Plato, did regard the air as essential
to sound and voice. Aristotle[2], while agreeing with most
philosophers in ranking air among the four elements, "sees
a difficulty in determining what its nature may be in the
universe around the earth, or what its order in relation to
the other elements of bodies." He was aware of the air
holding water in solution, and observes that, whether
water be or be not produced, equally, from the whole air,
that which is around the earth must be not air only but
vapour, which is again to be condensed and become
water. Thus, "we maintain," he adds, "that fire and air,
water and earth are producible out of one another, and
that each of them is present, in potentiality, in each of
the others; as is the case with all bodies, which have a base into which each of them is ultimately reducible."
He has distinguished the air we inspire from that which
we send forth (ἐκπέμπειν) and to which he has given a
specific appellation (τὸ πνεῦμα); but owing to the diffi-
culty of determining either its nature or its office,
(although it is the subject of a special[3] treatise,) no
Page:Aristotelous peri psuxes.djvu/283
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CH. VIII.]
NOTES.
273