ſame Latitude with Conſiantinople, but about 10° 41′ 25″ more to the Eadward. This city had been in early times, and probably was even in thoſe of Arrian, a place of great trade, and of courſe much reſort of ſhipping, and was alſo the principal rendezvous of the Roman naval force on the Euxine ſea. Both Arrian and Tournefort remark the abundance of materials and other neceſſaries for ſhip-building, which were afforded the ſurrounding country; and navigation appeared to be their primary object. Arrian tells us, that the ſtatue of the Emperor Hadrian was conſtructed in an attitude pointing towards the ſea[1], as the ſource of their riches and proſperity. Goltzius has given two figures of Trapezuntine coins, one of which exhibits an anchor, and the other the prow of a ſhip, as emblems of naval induſtry. This was the firſt Greek city, which the army led by Xenophon reached in their retreat after the death of Gyms: and probably the view of the tea, to which Arrian here
- ↑ In like manner Themitlocles directed the pulpit for public orations to be turned towards the ſea. Plut. Vit. Themiſt.
The breadth of the Euxine ſea, reckoned from the Southern moſt part of the bay of Hercules to the oppoſite thorn near Ockſaeow, and meaſured on the meridian of 32°, amounts according to to
| Laurie's Chart | 5° 50′ 30″ = 406 E. m. |
| Faden's Map | 5° 52′ = 408 E. m. |
| Arrowſmith's Chart | 5° 31' = 383 E. m. |
Average of the above calculation,
Length 698 Engliſh miles nearly.
Breadth 392.37 Engliſh miles.
The circumference of the Euxine ſea was eſtimated by Polybius at 22000 ſtadia, equal to about 3518.23 Engliſh miles, or 2750 Greek miles; and this computation approaches very nearly to that of Arrian. The number of ſtadia ſet down in the diſtances ſpecified in the Periplus amount to 226 5, from which we muſt deduct 240, as the diſtance from the temple of Jupiter Urius to Byzantium and back again, which interval as Byzantium does not lie upon the Euxine ſea cannot be included in the meaſurement of its circumference. This reduces the numbers of Arrian to 22395, which varies from that of Polybius only as 1017 does from 1000, and the whole difference does not amount to 50 Engliſh miles, which is a remarkable approximation, as the calculation of Polybius being expreſſed in round numbers, can only be regarded as a groſs eſtimate. Strabo makes it 2,5000 ſtadia, or 2851 Engliſh miles, or 3125, Greek miles. It extends, according to the latter writer, between Mafia Inferior and Thrace to the Weſt, the Hither Aſia to the South, Colchis to the Edit, and Sarmatia Europa and Aſiatica to the North.
