THE PRONUNCIATION OF SPANISH.
The Spanish language has but one accent, called acento agudo, which is placed over the vowels a, e, i, o, u; it serves to lengthen the syllable and to accentuate it more distinctly and forcibly than the other vowels.
As a general rule, all Spanish words ending in a vowel are accentuated on the penultimate, or the last syllable but one; they do not, therefore, require the accent, but if any other syllable is to be accented it is indicated.
With the exception of proper names and adverbs, most words ending in a consonant have the accent on the last syllable.
The Spanish a always has the sound of the English a in father; the e that of ay in English; the i that of ee; the o that of oh; and the u that of oo, as in boot, root, etc.
The vowels in Spanish must always be fully and distinctly pronounced, but the u is silent in the syllables gue, gui, que, qui, which are pronounced gay, gee, kay, kee.
The Spanish y has a sound nearly equivalent to the English j; the z exactly that of English th, as also the Spanish c when it comes before e or i. All the other consonants are sounded as in English except ll, which is pronounced as ly in English.
In the English interpretation of the sound of the Spanish words the th has always the lisping sound of these letters in thin, path, etc.
The main difficulty in pronouncing Spanish is the j (hoetah), which has the sound of h very strongly aspirated.
LIST OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES.
List of the principal islands, provinces, districts, commandancies, and towns of the Philippine archipelago.
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Catálogo de las principales islas, provincias, distritos, comandancias y pueblos del archipiélago Filipino. |
ABBREVIATIONS.
| com. | = commandancy (comandancia). |
| cap. | = capital or chief town (capital ó cabecera). |
| g. | = group of islands (grupo de islas). |
| i. | = island (isla). |
| is. | = islands (islas). |
| arch. | = archipelago (archipiélago). |
| p. | = town (pueblo). |
| v. | = village (visita). |
| pr. | = province (provincia). |
| dist. | = district (distrito). |
| fte. | = fort (fuerte, fortaleza). |
| pto. | = port (puerto). |
| N., S., E., W. | = North, South, East, West (Norte, Sur, Este, Oeste). |
Note 1. The letter p. before a name signifies town of the island, province, district, or commandancy expressed by said name.
2. The letters N., S., E., W. placed before or after a name signify to the North, South, East, or West of the island, province, district, or commandancy expressed by said name.
3. The Arabic figures indicate the number of the map or maps in which is situated the island, province, district, commandancy, or town expressed before said numbers.
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Nota. 1. La letra p. delante de un nombre significa pueblo de la isla, provincia, distrito ó comandancia expresadas por dicho nombre. 2. Las letras N., S., E., W. puestas antes ó después de un nombre significan al Norte, Sur, Este ú Oeste de la isla, provincia, distrito ó comandancia expresadas por dicho nombre. 3. Las cifras arábigas indican el número del mapa ó mapas en donde está situada la isla, provincia, distrito, comandancia ó pueblo expresados antes de dichas cifras. |
A.
Abra, pr. NW. Luzón 2, 7
Abra de Ílog, p. N. Mindoro 15
Abúcay, p. E. Bataán 9
Abúlug, p. N. Cagayán 7
Abundao, p. Benguet 7
Abúyog, p. E. Leyte 19
Adaoay, p. Benguet 7
Agno, p. W. Zambales 8
Agojo, p. i. Camiguín (N. Mindanao) 26, 27
Agoó, p. S. Unión 7
Aguada (de la), i. g. Naranjos 17
Aguilar, p. Pangasinán 8
Agusan, p. Misamis 27
Agutaya, i. g. Cuyoe (Calamianes) 2, 24
Agutaya, p. Agutaya 24
Ajuy, p. Concepción 20
Alabat, i. N. Tayabas 2, 10
Alad, i. g. Romblón 2, 16
Alaminos, p. N. Zambales 8
Alaminos, p. S. Laguna 9
Alangálang, p. NE. Leyte 19
Alap, v. Bontoc 7
Álava, p. N. Pangasinán 8
Albay, pr. SE. Luzón 2, 11
Albay, cap. Albay 11
Alberique, p. Dávao 27
Albuera, p. W. Leyte 19
Alburquerque, p. S. Bohol 23
Alcalá, p. Cagayán 7
Alcalá, p. Pangasinán 8
Alcántara, p. W. Cebú 22
Alcoy, p. SE. Cebú 22
Alegría, p. SW. Cebú 22
Alegría, p. Negros W 21
Alerta, i. g. Paragua 24
Alfonso, p. Cavite 9
Alfonso (Príncipe), p. Paragua 25
Alfonso XII, p. Abra 7
Alfonso XIII, p. Tayabas 10
Aliaga, p. Nueva Écija 8
Alibijaban, i. S. Tayabas 10
Aligbay, i. N. Mindanao 27
Alijara, i. g. Paragua 24
Alilem, cap. Amburayan 7
Alimbo, p. Cápiz 20
Alimodián, p. Iloílo 20
Aling, p. Mindoro, 15
Alipagao, p. NW. Antique 20
Almería, p. Leyte 19
Aloguinsan, p. Cebú 22
Aloran, p. Misamis 26, 27
Alós, p. Zambales 8
Alubijid, p. Misamis 26,27
Aluyan, i. E. Sámar 18
Amadeo, p. Cavite 9
Ambil, i. g. Lúbang 2, 15
Amblán, p. Negros E. 21
Ambolón, i. g. Ylín 2, 15
Ambos Camarines, pr. Luzón 2, 10, 11
Ambugan, i. NW. Bohol 23
Amburayan, com. NW. Luzón 7
Amparo, p. Surigao 26, 27
Ampusingán, p. Benguet 7
Amúlac, p. Cagayán 7
Amúlung, p. Cagayán 7
Anahao, i. E. Sámar 18
Anajauan, i. NE. Mindanao 2, 26, 27
Ananao, p. Tiagán 7
Anao, p. Tárlac 8
Anao-aon, p. Surigao 26,27
Anauayan, g. E. Panay 20
Anda, p. Bohol 23
Anda, p. Zambales 8
Andagao, p. N. Tablas 16
Andis ó Ando, i. E. Sámar 18
Andrao, i. E. Sámar 18
Angadanan, p. Isabela 7
Angaqui, p. Lepanto 7
Angat, p. Bulacán 8
Ángeles, p. Pampanga 8
Angono, p. Mórong 9
Anilao, p. Iloílo 20
Aniniy, p. SW. Antique 20
Anojulan, p. Cagayán 7
Anquilén, v. Bontoc 7
Antequera, p. Bohoi 23
Antipolo, p. Mórong 9
Antique, pr. Panay 20
Antique, p. Panay 20
Antonia, i. NE. Panay 20
Apálit. p. Pampanga 8
Aparri, p. pto. Cagayán 7,13
Apayaos, com. Cagayán 7
Apit, i. g. Cuatro Islas 19
Apo, i. SE. Negros 24
Apo, i. W. Mindoro 15
Apo, i. S. Paragua 25
Araceli, p. Dumarán 24
Arangosa, i. E. Mindanao 2, 26, 27
Arapiles, p. Dávao 27
Arayan, p. Nueva Écija 8
Aráyat. p. Pampanga 8
Arena, i. S. Tayabas 2, 10
Arévalo, p. Iloílo 20
Argao, E. Cebú 22
Argüelles, p. Negros E. 21
Aringay, p. Unión 7
Aritao, p. Nueva Vizcaya 7
Arrecife, i. g. Paragua 25
Asingan, p. Pangasinan 8
Aslom, i. E. Mindoro 15
Astorga, p. Dávao 26, 27
Asturias, p. Cebú 22
Atalayan, i. E. Albay 11
Atiloitong, p. Cagayán 7
Atimonan, p. Tayabas 10
Atog, p. Benguet 7
Ayala, p. Zamboanga 26, 28
Ayungon, p. Negros E. 21
Ayuquitan, p. Negros E. 21
Ayuquitan, p. Romblón 16
Azagra, p. Romblón 16
Azual, p. Benguet 7
B.
Baao, p, Camarines 11
Baaue, v. Quiangán 7
Babatungon, p. Leyte 19
Babugón, i. W. Leyte 19
Babuyán, i. N. Luzón 2, 13
Babuyanes, g. N. Luzón 2,13
Bacábac, i. E. Negros 21
Bacacay, i. N. Camarines 11
Bacacay, p. Albay 11
Bacán, i. N. Sámar 18
Bacalan, p. Pampanga 8
Bacarra, p. pto. Ilocos N 10
Bacilot, p. Negros W 21
Baclayón, p. Bohol 23
Bacoó, p. Mindoro 15
Bácol. i. N. Leyte 19, 30
Bacólod, cap. Negros W 21
Bacolor, cap. Pampanga 8
Bacon, i. N. Samar 18
Bacón, p. Sorsogón 11
Bacon, p. Negros E. 21
Bacoor, p. Cavite 9
Bacsal, i. W. Sámar 18
Bacuag, p. Surigao 26, 27
Bacuít, p. N. Paragua 24
Bacun, p. Amburayan 7
Badajoz, p. Tablas 16
Badián, p. Cebú 22
Badoc, i. E. Ilocos N 7
Badoc, p. Ilocos N 7
Bagábag, p. Nueva Vizcaya 7
Bagabú, i. E. Panay 20
Bagac, p. Bataán 9
Bagácay, p. N. Iligan (Misamis) 26, 27
Bagamanoc, p. Catanduanes 14
Bagambagam, i. g. Balábac 25
Bagami, p. E. Leyte 19
Baganga, p. S. Surigao (E. Mindanao) 26, 27
Bagay, p. Camarines 11
Baggao, p. Cadayán 7
Bagnén, v. Lepanto 7
Bagnotan, p. Unión 7
Bagó, p. Cebú 22
Bago, p. Negros W 21
Baguío, p. Benguet 7
Bailén, p. Cavite 9
Bais, p. Negros E. 21
Bajav, p. Cápiz 20
Balábac, i. SW Paragua 25
Balábac. cap. Balábac 25
Balading, i. g. Canahauan 18
Balagbag, p. Benguet 7
Balambán, p. Cebú 22
Balanga, cap. Bataán 9
Balangan, p. Bontoc 7
Balangiga, p. Sámar 18
Balanguingui, g. E. Joló 28
Balanguingui, i. g. Balanguingui 28
Balaoang, p. Unión 7
Balasáig, p. Isabela 7
Balasan, p. Concepción 20
Balayán, p. Batangas 9
Balbagan, i. NE. Panay 20
Balbagan, i. g. Panay 20
Baleno, p. Masbate 17
