terium wieringae Elliott, Man. Bact. Plant Pathogens, 1930, 264; Săvulescu, Anal. Acad. Romane, III, 22, 1947, 11.)
wie'ring.ae. Named for Dr. K. T. Wieringa, the bacteriologist who first described the species; M.L. gen.noun wieringae of Wieringa.
Because Bacterium belae Chester (Ann. Rept. Del. Col. Agr. Exp. Sta., 9, 1897, 53) may be a pseudomonad, the more distinctive species name proposed by Elliott has been retained.
Description from Elliott (op. cit., 1930, 264).
Rods 0.5 by 2.0 microns. Motile with 1 to 5 polar flagella. Gram-negative.
Beef-agar colonies: Smooth, round, white to grayish, fluorescent.
Milk: Cleared in 5 days. Not coagulated.
Nitrites not produced from nitrates.
No gas from sugars.
Temperature relations: Optimum between 28° and 30° C. Minimum, 4° C. Maximum, 37° C.
Source: Isolated from vascular rot of beets in Holland.
Habitat: Pathogenic on beets, Beta vulgaris.
Genus II. Xanthomonas Dowson, 1939.[1]
(Phytomonas Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 174; not Phytomonas Donovan, Lancet, 177, 1909, 1495 (type species (monotypy) Phytomonas davidi Donovan, a flagellate); Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 187.)
Xan.tho'mo.nas or Xan.tho.mo'nas[2]. Gr. adj. xanthus yellow; Gr. fem.n. monas unit, monad; M.L. fem.n. Xanthomonas yellow monad.
Cells usually monotrichous. A yellow, non-water-soluble pigment is produced on agar. A diffusible, brown color infrequently occurs in beef extract agar. Proteins are usually readily digested. Milk usually becomes alkaline. Hydrogen sulfide is produced. Asparagine is not sufficient as an only source of carbon and nitrogen. Acid (and also gas in one species, No. 19) produced from mono- and disaccharides. Some species liquefy a pectin medium, others do not (Burkholder and Starr, Phytopath., 38, 1948, 500). Mostly plant pathogens causing necroses.
The type species is Xanthomonas hyacinthi (Wakker) Dowson.
Key to the species of genus Xanthomonas.
I. Colonies yellow; pigment non-water-soluble.
- A. Gelatin liquefied.
- 1. Starch hydrolysis feeble.
- a. Nitrites not produced from nitrates.
1. Xanthomonas hyacinthi.
2. Xanthomonas pruni.
3. Xanthomonas vitians.
- aa. Nitrites produced from nitrates.
4. Xanthomonas beticola.
5. Xanthomonas rubrilineans.
- 2. Starch hydrolysis strong.
- a. Nitrites not produced from nitrates.
- b. No brown pigment in beef-extract agar.
6. Xanthomonas barbareae.
7. Xanthomonas begoniae.
8. Xanthomonas betlicola.
9. Xanthomonas campestris.
