with a single polar flagellum. Gram-negative.
Gelatin: Liquefied.
Beef agar colonies: Mustard-yellow to primuline-yellow, circular, margins entire.
Broth: Turbidity prompt with a yellow ring and an incomplete pellicle.
Milk: Soft coagulation; peptonization and production of tyrosine crystals.
Nitrates: A weak reaction for nitrites after 10 days.
Indole not produced.
Hydrogen sulfide produced.
Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phytopath., 32, 1942, 600).
Acid but no gas from glucose, galactose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, glycerol and mannitol.
Starch hydrolyzed.
Pectate medium liquefied.
Temperature relations: Optimum, between 25° and 30° C. Maximum, 35° C.
No growth in broth plus 5 per cent salt.
Aerobic.
Source: Isolated from black spots on leaves, buds and pods of poppy.
Habitat: Pathogenic on poppy, Papaver rhoeas.
40. Xanthomonas alfalfae (Riker et al., 1935) Dowson, 1943. (Bacterium alfalfae Riker, Jones and Davis, Jour. Agr. Res., 51, 1935, 177; Dowson, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc, 26, 1943, 11.)
al.fal'fae. Spanish alfalfa (lucerne); M.L. gen.noun alfalfae of alfalfa.
Rods 0.45 by 2.4 microns. Motile with a single polar flagellum. Gram-negative.
Gelatin: Liquefied.
Nutrient agar slant: Growth abundant, filiform, smooth, glistening, butyrous, pale yellow.
Broth: Turbid in 24 hours. Light sediment.
Milk: Casein precipitated and digested.
Ammonia produced slowly in a nitrate medium.
Acid but no gas from glucose, maltose, lactose, arabinose and salicin (Patel, Kulkarni and Dhande, Indian Phytopath., 2, 1949, 166). No acid in yeast broth plus sugars.
Starch hydrolyzed.
Aerobic.
Temperature relations: Optimum, between 24° and 32° C. Minimum, below 4° C. Maximum, below 36° C.
Source: Six single-cell cultures isolated from diseased alfalfa.
Habitat: Pathogenic on the leaves of alfalfa, Medicago sativa.
41. Xanthomonas acernea (Ogawa, 1937) Burkholder, 1948. (Pseudomonas acernea Ogawa, Ann. Phyt. Soc. Japan, 7, 1937, 123; Burkholder, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 165.)
a.cer'ne.a. L. acerneus made of maple.
Rods 0.2 to 0.6 by 0.5 to 1.2 microns. Motile with a single polar flagellum. Gram-negative.
Gelatin: Liquefied.
Agar colonies: Round, smooth, convex, white to citron-yellow, glistening, translucent with amorphous structure.
Broth: Turbid.
Milk: Slowly cleared, slightly acid. No coagulation.
Nitrites produced from nitrates.
Hydrogen sulfide produced.
No gas produced in peptone water plus sugars.
Starch not hydrolyzed.
Temperature relations: Optimum, about 32° C. Thermal death point, 59° C.
Aerobic.
Source: From diseased leaves of Acer trifidum in Japan.
Habitat: Causes a disease in Acer spp. and in Aesculus turbinata and Koelrenteria paniculata.
42. Xanthomonas carotae (Kendrick, 1934) Dowson, 1939. (Phytomonas carotae Kendrick, Jour. Agr. Res., 49, 1934, 504; Dowson, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 190.)
ca.ro'tae. L. carota the carrot; M.L. gen.noun carotae of the carrot.
Rods 0.42 to 0.85 by 1.38 to 2.75 microns. Motile with 1 or 2 polar flagella. Gram-negative.
Gelatin: Liquefied.
Potato-glucose agar colonies: Circular, smooth, glistening, entire, straw-yellow in color.
