Berlin Aquarium, and he states that it is identical with the one which Fischer ob- tained from this same source; (3) in a later paper (Cent. f. Bakt., S, 1888, 107), Fischer identified the second species, as well as phosphorescent bacteria that he isolated from dead fish from the Baltic and North Seas, as Bacterium phosphorescens. Some authors, e.g. Lehmann and Neumann (Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 198; and other edi- tions), Migula (Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 433) and Chester (Man. Determ. Bact., 1901, 181), when referring to Bacterium phos- phorescens Fischer, quote the supplement to Fischer's paper in the Ztschr. f. Hyg., 2, 1887, 92, as the source of the name Bacterium phosphorescens, whereas the first use of this binomial by Fischer was in the Cent. f. Bakt., 3, 1888, 107. This failure to give an exact reference has caused confusion in later publications, especially since Bacillus phosphorescens is the only binomial pro- posed, or even used, by Fischer in his paper published in the Ztschr. f. Hyg., 2, 1887, 54-95, which also contains a description of the organism he later identified as Bacterium phosphorescens. Still other writers (Gorham, in Dahlgren, Jour. Franklin Inst., 180, 1915, 517 and insert following 714) have used the name Bacillus phosphorescens in lieu of Bacterium phosphorescens, thus augmenting the confusion. Relationships to other species of bacteria: Beijerinck regards Photobacterium phos- phorescens Beijerinck as identical with Micrococcus phosphoreus Cohn (Folia Micro- biologica, Delft, 4, 1916, 15, footnote 4) but different from Photobacterium pfleugeri Ludwig (Arch, neerl. d. Sci. exact, et natur., 24, 1891, 369). Source: Isolated from cod (Gadus cal- larias) from the Baltic Sea; also found on haddock {Melanogrammus aeglifinus) and on lobster (Homarus sp.). Habitat: Found on dead fish and in sea water, so far as known.
2. Photobacterium pierantonii (Zir- polo, 1918) Krassilnikov, 1949. {Micrococcus pierantonii Zirpolo, Boll. del. Societa dei Natural, in Napoli, 31, (1918) 1919, 75; Photobacterium pierantonii, incorrectly ascribed to Bergey et al. by Krassilnikov, Guide to the Bacteria and Actinomycetes, Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., Moskau, 1949, 514.) pie.ran.to'ni.i. M.L. gen. noun pier- antonii of Pierantoni; named for Prof. U. Pierantoni, an Italian scientist. Original description supplemented by material taken from Meissner (Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 67, 1926, 204). Cocci, 0.8 micron in diameter, and short rods, 0.8 by 1.0 to 2.0 microns. Occasionally vacuolated. Motile or non-motile, the motile cells possessing a single flagellum or a tuft of 2 to 4 flagella. Gram-negative. Gelatin colonies: Circular, luminous. Gelatin stab: No liquefaction. Sepia agar colonies: Circular, white, convex, smooth and serrate with an intense, greenish luminescence. Egg glj'cerol agar slant: Yellowish green, luminous streak. Broth: Turbid. Indole not produced. Acid and gas from glucose and maltose. Some strains produce acid but no gas from lactose and sucrose. Aerobic. Optimum temperature, 33° C. Optimum pH for growth, 9.0. No growth at pH 5.0. Optimum pH for luminescence, 8.0. No luminescence at pH 5.0. Quality of luminescence: Greenish. Source: Isolated from the photogenic organ of the cephalopod Rondeletia minor. Habitat: Apparently found only in Rondeletia minor but may also be found in closely related species.
3. Photobacterium fischeri Beijerinck, 1889. (Einheimischer Leuchtbacillus, Fis- cher, Cent. f. Bakt., 3, 1888, 107; Beijerinck, Arch, nderl. d. Sci. exact, et natur., 23, 1889, 401; Vibrio fischeri Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 342; Achromo- bacter fischeri Bergey et al.. Manual, 3rd ed., 1930, 220.) fisch'er.i. M.L. gen. noun ^sc^e/z of Fis- cher; named for Prof. Bernhard Fischer, one of the earliest students of luminescent bacteria. Description taken from Fischer (op. cit., 1888, 107), Beijerinck (op. cit., 1889, 401) and
