Broth: Slightly turbid; thin pellicle. Litmus milk: Soft coagulum. Peptonized, alkaline. Potato : Brownish red streak. Indole produced. Hj^drogen sulfide produced. No action in sugar media. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Pathogenic for frogs. Aerobic, facultative. Optimum temperature, between 18° and 20° C. Habitat: Causes epidemic infection in fish.
29. Vibrio hyphalus ZoBell and Up- ham, 1944. (Bull. Scripps Inst, of Ocean- ography, Univ. Calif., 5, 1944, 277.) hy.pha'lus. Gr. adj. hyphalus under the sea, submarine. Curved rods, 0.6 by 1.6 to 4.0 microns, with rounded ends, occurring singly. Motile by means of one or occasionally two polar fiagella. Granular staining. Gram-negative. Note: All differential media e.xcept the fresh-water broth, litmus milk and potato were prepared with sea water. Gelatin colonies: Circular or irregular with liquefaction; yellowish gray. Gelatin stab: Napiform liquefaction. Filiform growth along line of stab. Agar colonies: 2 to 3 mm in diameter, circular, undulate, convex, radial folds, smooth. Agar slant: Abundant, echinulate, glis- tening, gummy growth with pale pink pig- ment. Sea-water broth: Scant pellicle; moder- ate turbidity; moderate, flocculent sedi- ment. Fresh-water broth: No visible growth. Litmus milk: No visible change. Potato: No visible growth. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide is produced. No acid or gas from glucose, sucrose, lac- tose, glycerol, xylose, mannitol or salicin. Starch not hydrolyzed. Non-lipolytic. Nitrites produced from nitrates. Ammonia produced from peptone but not from urea. Casein is digested. Aerobic, facultative. Optimum temperature, between 20° and 25° C. Source: Isolated from marine bottom deposits. Habitat: Probably widely distributed.
30. Vibrio fetus Smith and Taylor, 1919. (Spirillum causing abortion in sheep, Mac- Fadyean and Stockman, Rept. Dept. Comm. Ministry Agric. on Epizootic Abortion, London, 1909, 156; also see MacFadyean and Stockman, ibid., 1913, 111; Spirillum associated with infectious abortion. Smith, Jour. Exp. Med., 28, 1918, 701; Smith and Taylor, ibid., 30, 1919, 299.) fe'tus. L. noun fetus a fetus; L. mas. gen. n. fetus of a fetus. Description taken primarily from Plast- ridge, Williams, Easterbrooks, Walker and Beccia (Storrs Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 281, 1951, 11) and from Rhoades (Bact. Proc, 53rd Gen. Meeting, Soc. Amer. Bact., San Francisco, 1953, 34). Curved rods that are minute, comma- and S-shaped forms on initial isolation. On transfer, very long, filamentous forms may appear. 0.2 to 0.5 by 1.5 to 5.0 microns. Motile, the comma forms possessing a single, polar fiagellum, and the S forms usually possessing a single fiagellum at each pole. Prolonged incubation and transfer to dry slants or semisolid media produces coccoid forms with one or more fiagella. Occasion- ally encapsulated. Granules present in older cultures. Gram-negative. Gelatin: No or poor growth on ordinary gelatin; with the addition of proper nutri- ments, good to excellent growth may occur in 3 to 5 days. No liquefaction. Agar plates: No growth. Reich, Morse and Wilson (Amer. Jour. Vet. Res., 17, 1956, 140), however, report growth when cultures are incubated in an atmosphere of either helium or nitrogen. Agar slant: No surface growth by freshly isolated strains; laboratory strains produce a scant, grayish white, glistening surface growth. Good growth is obtained when cultures are incubated in an atmosphere of helium or nitrogen (Reich et al., loc. cit.). Sub-surface agar colonies: Small, yellow, opaque.
