Winter, in Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen- Flora, ;, Die Pilze, 1884, 63.) ser'pens. L. v. serpo to crawl or creep; L. part. adj. serpens creeping. Long, curved rods with two (o three wave- like undulation.s, 0.8 to 1.0 micron in di- ameter; wave length, 8 to 9 micron.s. Width of spiral, 1.5 to 1.8 microns. Volutin granules in cytoplasm. Motile, possessing tufts of fiagella at both poles. Gram-negative. Gelatin colonies: Yellowish to brownish, granular, entire. Gelatin stab: Yellowish surface growth. Slow liquefaction. Agar colonies: Heavy cream-colored growth. Agar slant: Grayish, with yellowish center, granular, entire. Broth: Turbid. Litmus milk: Unchanged. Potato: Clear orange-yellow growth. Indole not produced. Catalase-positive. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Aerobic, facultative. Optimum temperature, 35° C. Habitat: Stagnant water.
3. Spirillum itersonii Giesberger, 1936. (Inaug. Diss., Utrecht, 1936, 46 and 57.) i.ter.so'ni.i. M.L. gen. noun itersonii of Iterson; named for G. van Iterson, a Dutch bacteriologist. The smallest of the spirilla isolated from water. First observed by van Iterson (Proc. Kon. Akad. v. Wetensch. Amsterdam, 5, 1902, 685). Small spirals, 0.5 micron in diameter. Wave length, 3 to 3.5 microns. Spiral width, 1 to 1.5 microns. Motile by means of bipolar tufts of fiagella. Gram-negative. Gelatin stab: No liquefaction. Grows readily on peptone agar. White colonies becoming brownish black and slightly wrinkled. Potato: Brownish orange growth. Acid from glucose, fructose, ethyl alcohol, n -propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol and glj'cerol. Utilizes acetic, propionic, n-bu- tyric, tartaric, fumaric, lactic, citric and succinic acids. Grows well in pe])tone broth. Also utilizes ammonium compounds. Catalase-positive. Anaerobic growth in the presence of nitrates when organic or ammonia nitrogen is also available. Optimum temperature, 30° C. Source: Isolated from water. Habitat: Water.
4. Spirillum tenue Khrenberg, 1838. (Die Infusionsthierchen als vollkommende Organismen. Leipzig, 1838; also see Bon- hoff. Arch. f. Hyg., 26, 1896, 162.) te'nu.e. L. adj. tenuis thin. Slender spirals 0.7 micron in diameter. Wave lengths, 4.5 to 5.0 microns; width of wave, 1.5 to 1.8 microns. Activel}' motile in peptone water by means of tufts of fiagella at each pole. Volutin granules present. Gram-negative. Gelatin stab: No liquefaction. Agar colonies: White, smooth. Peptone agar slant: Heavy growth. Potato: Light brown growth. Acid from glucose and fructose. Slight acid from several other sugars and glycerols. Utilizes salts of acetic, propionic, n-butyric, tartaric, lactic, citric, malic and succinic acids. Ammonia compounds are used as a source of nitrogen. Catalase-positive. Optimum temperature, 30° C. Source: Isolated from putrefying vege- table matter. Habitat: Putrefying materials.
5. Spirillum virginianum Dimitroff, 1926. (Jour. Bact., 12, 1926, 19.) vir.gi.ni.a'num. M.L. adj. virginianus Virginian; named for the State of Virginia. Spirals consisting of )^ to 3 complete turns in young cultures, older cultures show- ing 7 turns; 0.6 to 0.9 by 3 to 11 microns. No volutin granules observed (Giesberger, Inaug. Diss., Delft, 1936, 60). Motile by means of a single, polar flagellum on one or both ends. Gram-negative. Gelatin colonies: Entire, conve.x, circular, moist, colorless.
