4. Serratia kiliensis (Lehmann and Neumann, 1896) Bergey et al., 1923. (Bac- terium h, Breunig, Inaug. Diss., Kiel, 1888; Bacillus ruber balticus Kruse, in Fliigge, Die Mikroorganismen, 3 Aufl., 2, 1896, 303; Bacterium kiliense Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 263; Serratia keilensis (sic) Bergej' et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 90.) ki.li.en'sis. M.L. adj. kiliensis pertaining to Kiel. Description taken from Kruse {op. cit., 1896, 303) and from Bergey et al. {op. cit., 1923, 90). Slender rods, 0.7 to 0.8 by 2.5 to 5.0 mi- crons, occurring singly. Motile by means of four peritrichous flagella. Gram -negative. Deep gelatin colonies: Bright yellow. Gelatin liquefied slowly, usually becoming rose red. Glucose gelatin stab: Rapid liquefaction. Occasional gas bubbles (Breed). Agar colonies: Small, red becoming ma- genta, smooth. Agar slant: Bright red becoming darker in old cultures. Agar stab: Turbid, strongly pigmented water of condensation. Broth: Turbid; usually reddened. Litmus milk: Acid; at 20° C., coagulated slowly and pigment produced; at 35° C, coagulated rapidly and no pigment pro- duced. Potato: Slight, red growth becoming luxuriant and darker. Indole not produced. Acid and gas from carbohydrates (Leh- mann and Neumann, op. cit., 1896, 263). Gas from glucose, lactose and sucrose, 20 to 30 per cent of it being CO2 (Bergey). Optically inactive lactic acid is produced and not more than a trace of acetylmethjdcarbinol or 2,3-butylene glycol (Pederson and Breed, Jour. Bact., 16, 1928, 183). Sodium formate broth: Gas is produced (Breed). Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced by the Krdl culture (Breed). Nitrites and free nitrogen are produced from nitrates. Coagulated blood serum is liquefied. Pigment produced at 37° C. Pigment es- pecially soluble in alcohol. Optimum temperature, 30° C. Aerobic. Relationships to other species: It is not certain whether Breunig's original culture was a heavily pigmented strain of Serratia rnarcescens or whether it was of the type described above. Cultures of both types have been widely distributed as the Kiel bacillus. Descriptions drawn up by Kruse {op. cit., 1896, 303) and Lehmann and Neu- mann {op. cit., 1896, 263) state that this bacterium produces visible gas, while Mi- gula, in 1900, gives a description which fits Serratia rnarcescens. Moreover, cultures obtained under this name from various laboratories in Europe and America are sometimes of one type and sometimes of the other. As the Krdl culture distributed as Bacillus ruber balticus is widely known and has now been shown to differ from (Ser- ratia rnarcescens in that it is a distinct rod in ordinary media, forms visible gas from carbohydrates and even more abundant gas from sodium formate media, the name Ser- ratia kiliensis is used here for the Krdl culture. Serratia kiliensis is a distinct rod like Serratia plymuthica but fails to produce acetylmeth3dcarbinol. This use of the name Serratia kiliensis given here also ac- cords with the description drawn up by Bergey for the first edition of the Manual based on the study of a culture which he obtained many years previously from Eu- rope (Breed) . Source: Isolated from water at Kiel, Ger- many. Habitat: Presumably widely distributed. 5. Serratia piscatorum (Lehmann and Neumann, 1896) Breed, 1939. (Microbe rouge de la sardine, du Bois Saint-Sevrin, Ann. Inst. Past., 8, 1894, 155; Bacterium pisca- torum Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 263; Breed, in Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 427; Serratia urinae Gurevitch and Weber, Amer. Jour. Clin. Pathol., 20, 1950, 49.) pis.ca.to'rum. L. noun piscator a fisher- man; L. gen. pi. noun piscatorum of fisher- men.
