Hartsell, Jour. Inf. Dis., 61, 1937, 110; see Little, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 41, 1939, 254.) dys.ga.lac'ti.ae. Gr. prefix dys ill, hard; Gr. noun galacfia pertaining to milk; M.L. noun dysgalactia loss or impairment of milk secretion, dysgalactia; M.L. gen. noun dys- galacHae of dysgalactia. Spherical or ovoid cells occurring in chains of medium length. Gram-positive. Serology: Belongs to Lancefield's group C. Those cultures associated with suppura- tive polyarthritis(joint-ill) in lambs appear to belong to a distinct serological type of which the type antigen is a capsular protein (Blakemore, Elliott and Hart-Mercer, Jour. Path. Bad., 52, 1941, 57). Action on blood: Greening (alpha hemo- lytic). Soluble hemolysin not produced. Colony form: Matt colonies may be pro- duced similar to those of Streptococcus pyogenes. Not fibrinolytic. Temperature relations: No growth at 10° or 45° C. Does not survive 60° C. for 30 minutes. Tolerance tests : Fails to grow in presence of 6.5 per cent NaCl or at pH 9.6. Does not grow in skim milk containing 0.1 per cent methylene blue. Does not grow on 40 per cent bile blood agar. Litmus milk: Lactose-fermenting strains produce acid reaction with occasional cur- dling. Litmus not reduced before curdling. Final pH in glucose broth: bovine strains, between 5.0 and 5.2; ovine strains, between 4.4 and 4.9. Acid from glucose, maltose, sucrose and trehalose. Lactose, sorbitol and salicin may or may not be fermented. No acid from raffinose, inulin, glycerol or mannitol. Esculin may or may not be hydrolyzed. Gelatin not liquefied. Sodium hippurate hydrolyzed by some bovine strains but not by ovine strains. Ammonia produced from arginine. Relationships : This non-hemolytic species needs further study to establish definitely its identity, the relationship of the ovine and bovine strains and its serological rela- tionship to group C. Source: Isolated from milk and udder of cows with acute but mild mastitis. Also from various tissues and organs of lambs suffering from suppurative polyarthritis. Habitat: Probablj- of bovine and ovine origin. 6. Streptococcus sanguis White, 1946. (Serological group H, Hare, Jour. Path. Bact., 41, 1935, 499; Streptococcus s.b.e., Loewe, Plummer, Niven and Sherman, Jour. Am. Med. Assoc, 130, 1946, 257; White, in White and Niven, Jour. Bact., 51, 1946, 717.) san'guis. L. noun sanguis blood. Spherical or ovoid cells 0.8 to 1.2 microns in diameter, occurring in medium or long chains. Cultures grown aerobically may show occasional rod-shaped cells. Gram- positive. Serology: Two serological types (I and II) have been established among the non-he- molytic strains. Some cultures possess both type antigens (Washburn, White and Niven, Jour. Bact., 51, 1946, 723). Dodd (Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 70, 1949, 598) placed both types within serological group H as established by Hare and indicated that this group contained at least 5 serological types. Porterfield (Jour. Gen. Microbiol., 4, 1950, 92) reported that types I and I/II belonged to group H but that type II was serolog- ically distinct. Action on blood: The original group H streptococci as established by Hare were de- scribed as narrow-zoned beta hemolytic colonies on blood agar which had a tendencj^ to throw off non-hemolytic variants. No soluble hemolysin could be demonstrated. As originally described, Streptococcus san- guis produced alpha reaction on blood agar, but one strain produced narrow-zone beta hemolysis (White and Niven, Jour. Bact., 51, 1946, 717). Colony forms: Matt or glossy type colo- nies may be produced, usually 0.7 to 0.9 mm in diameter on blood agar after 48 hours at 37° C. Not fibrinolytic. Temperature relations: No growth at 10° C. May or may not grow at 45° C. A few cultures may survive 60° C. for 30 minutes. Tolerance tests: Fails to grow in presence of 6.5 per cent NaCl or in skim milk con- taining 0.1 per cent methylene blue. Most
