Page:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology.djvu/597

growth, dry and wrinkled, resembling that of Mycobacterium spp. Liquid media: No turbiditj^; sediment a coherent layer, cream-colored. Litmus milk: Acid coagulation. Indole not produced. Ferments lactic and pyruvic acids, glyc- erol, dihydroxyacetone, glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, maltose and lactose with the production of propionic and acetic acids and carbon dio.xide. Acid from esculin and salicin. No acid from d- and 1-arabinose, cellobiose, dextrin, dulcitol, glycogen, inulin, perseitol, pectin, raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol, starch or xj^- lose. Pantothenic acid, biotin and para-amino- benzoic acid are required for growth; thi- amine, while not required, is stimulating for growth (Delwiche, Jour. Bact., 58, 1949, 396). Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Catalase-positive; aerobically developed growth very slightly so. Less anaerobic than Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Propionibacterium sher- manii. Distinctive character: Growth in liquid media in clumps, giving the cultures the appearance of agglutinated bacteria. So far as known, the only species among the pro- pionic acid bacteria possessing this char- acteristic. Source: Isolated from cheese and soil. Habitat: Dairy products. 9. Propionibacterium jensenii van Niel, 1928. {Bacterium acidi propionici b, von Freudenreich and Orla-Jensen, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 17, 1906, 532; van Niel, The Propionic Acid Bacteria, Haarlem, 1928, 163.) jen.se'ni.i. M.L. gen. noun jensenii of Jensen; named for Prof. S. Orla-Jensen, the Danish bacteriologist who isolated this organism. Description taken from van Niel (loc. cit.) and from Werkman and Brown (Jour. Bact., 26, 1933, 404). In neutral media spherical to short rod- shaped cells, 0.8 by 0.8 to 1.5 microns, occur, often in pairs or short chains; possess typi- cal diphtheroid appearance. Morphology little influenced by developing acidity. Aerobic growth occurs as irregular long rods, swollen and branched. Non-motile. Show metachromatic granules. Gram-posi- tive. Yeast-gelatin-lactate stab: No liquefac- tion. Yeast-agar-lactate stab: Cream-colored growth in stab; orange-yellow, dome-shaped surface growth. Liquid media: Turbid in early stages; cream-colored, smooth sediment. Litmus milk: Coagulated, acid. Indole not produced. Ferments lactic and pyruvic acids, glyc- erol, dihydroxyacetone, glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, lac- tose and sometimes raffinose and mannitol with the production of propionic and acetic acids and carbon dioxide. Acid from adonitol, arabitol, erythritol. esculin, inositol and trehalose. No acid from arabinose, cellobiose, dextrin, dulcitol, gly- cogen, inulin, perseitol, pectin, rhamnose, salicin, sorbitol, starch or xylose. Pantothenic acid and biotin are growth requirements; some strains require para- aminobenzoic acid, others do not, and still others find this vitamin stimulating but not required for growth; thiamine, although not required, is growth-stimulating (Del- wiche, Jour. Bact., 58, 1949, 396). Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Strongly catalase-positive. Less anaerobic than Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Distinctive characters: Morphologically similar to Propionibacterium rubrum and Propionibacterium thoenii from which it is distinguished chiefly by the failure to pro- duce a red pigment under anaerobic condi- tions. The yellow surface growth distin- guishes Propionibacterium jensenii from Propionibacterium zeae, as does also the inability of the former to ferment 1-arabi- nose and rhamnose. Source: Isolated from cheese and butter. Habitat: Dairy products. 10. Propionibacterium arabinosum Hitchner, 1932. (Jour. Bact., SS, 1932, 40; also see ibid., 28, 1934, 473.) a.ra.bi.no'sum. Gr. noun Arabia Arabia;