Pellicle, and final pH alkaline (Brooks and Hucker, op. cit., 1944, 309). Branched cells occur in 6- to 8-hour cultures in broth. LoefBer's blood serum: Good growth with tan to yellow chromogenesis. No liquefac- tion. Coagulated egg yolk: Vigorous salmon- pink growth. Dryer than on agar, resembling wrinkled growth of tubercle bacillus after two weeks. Litmus milk: No change to slightly alka- line. Potato: Abundant growth, usually tan, yellow or pink. Indole not produced. Hydrogen sulfide produced on appropriate media. No acid from carbohj^drate media. How- ever, glucose stimulates growth. Nitrites produced from nitrates. No am- monia produced. Sodium hippurate: Not hydrolyzed. Esculin: Not hydrolj'zed. No exotoxin demonstrated in filtrate of broth cultures. No or slight hemolysis of horse blood. Aerobic. Temperature relations: Optimum, be- tween 25° and 37° C. Minimum, between 7° and 18° C. Maximum, between 37° and 45° C. Not pathogenic for laboratory animals. Source: Originally isolated from infec- tious pneumonia of foals. Habitat: Found in spontaneous pneu- monia of foals and in other infections of horses. Also found in swine, cattle and buf- faloes. 14. Corynebacteriuni bovis Bergey et al., 1923. {B. psevdodiphtheria, Bergey, The Source and Nature of Bacteria in Milk. Penn. Dept. Agr. Bull. 125, 1904, 11; Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 388.) bo'vis. L. noun bos the ox; L. gen. noun bovis of the ox. Slender rods, 0.5 to 0.7 by 2.5 to 3.0 mi- crons, which are barred and clubbed. Non- motile, Gram-positive. Gelatin stab: Slight, gray, fiat surface growth. Agar colonies: Circular, gray, slightly raised, radiate, undulate, dry. Agar slant: Thin, gray, filiform, dry growth. Broth: Slight, granular sediment. Litmus milk: Slowly becomes deeply alka- line. Potato: No growth. Indole not produced. No acid from carbohydrate media. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. No growth on agar containing asparagine as a sole source of nitrogen (Evans, Jour. Inf. Dis., 18, 1916, 461). Coagulated blood serum: Thin, gray, fili- form growth. Blood serum (10 per cent) and bile (5 per cent) enhance growth, especially the former (Evans, ibid., 459). Causes rancidity in cream. Weakl}- lip- olytic on tributyrin agar (Black, Jour. Bact., 4i, 1941, 99). Optimum temperature, 37° C. Not pathogenic for guinea pigs (Evans, Jour. Inf. Dis., 22, 1918, 579). Comments: Miss Alice Evans (personal communication) states that the organism from the udder which she described as Bac- teriimi lipolytimis (sic) {ibid., 576) was prob- ably a Corynebacteriuni. This is also regarded as probable by Steck (Die latente Infektion der Milchdriise, Hannover, 1930) and b}' Hendrixen (Ztschr. f. Infektionskrankh. d. Haustier., 43, 1933, 106). Miss Evans also indicates that it is probable that the organ- ism described by Bergey first in 1904 (op. cit., 1904, 11) and later in the first edition of the Manual as Corynebacieriimi bovis was the same organism; this is further confirmed by Black {op. cit., 1941, 99). In his unpub- lished manuscript, Black reports that he found no essential differences between his cultures isolated from milk (53 cultures) and those described by Bergey except for action on litmus milk. Black reports no action on litmus milk. Source: Isolated from fresh milk drawn directly from the cow's udder. Habitat: Found rather commonly in freshly drawn milk. 15. Corynebacteriuni paurometabo- lum Steinhaus, 1941. (Jour. Bact., 4I , 1941, 763 and 783.) pau.ro. me. ta'bo.lum. Gr. adj. pavrus
