NaCl broth: Usually no growth in 2 per cent NaCl. Milk agar streak plate : Wide zone of hy- drolysis of the casein. Potato: Growth scant to moderate, flat, spreading, creamy, pink or brownish. Fre- quently resembles growth of Bacillus pumi- lus. Indole not produced. Acid but no gas (with ammonium salts as source of nitrogen) from glucose and su- crose; acid usually produced from man- nitol. No acid from arabinose, xylose or lac- tose. (A few strains are not able to use ammonia. Organic nitrogen cannot be sub- stituted because of the strong proteolytic activity of the organism.) Starch not hydrolyzed. Acetylmethylcarbinol not produced. pH of glucose broth cultures is 8.0 to 8.6. Citrate utilization variable. Methylene blue reduced and not reox- idized in 21 days. Nitrites may or may not be produced from nitrates. A few strains produce gas in nitrate broth under anaerobic conditions. Urease not produced. Growth factors not essential. Lecithinase not produced. Aerobic, rarely facultatively anaerobic. No growth in glucose broth under anaerobic conditions. Temperature relations: Optimum, be- tween 28° and 40° C. Maximum, usually between 45° and 55° C. The antibiotics gramicidin and tyrocidin are obtained from certain strains (Dubos and Hotchkiss, Jour. Exp. Med., 7S, 1941, 629; also see Hotchkiss and Dubos, Jour. Biol. Chem., I4I, 1941, 155), while grami- cidin S is obtained from other strains (Gause and Brazknikova, Lancet, 247, 1944, 715). Source: Isolated from milk (Fliigge) ; milk, soil and dust (Ford). Habitat: Widely distributed in soil, air, dust, milk and cheese; also common as a laboratory contaminant. 20. Bacillus larvae White, 1905. (Bac- terium X, Moore and White, N. Y. State Dept. Agr., 11th Ann. Rept. Comm. Agr. for 1903, 1904, 111; Bacillus X, Moore and White, ibid., Rept. for 1904, 1905, 106; White, Thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y., 1905; White, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Entomol., Tech. Ser. Bull. 14, 1906, 32; White, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 809, 1920, 13.) lar'vae. L. noun larva a ghost, mask; M.L. noun larva a larva; M.L. gen. noun larvae of a larva. Description taken from Lochhead (Sci. Agr., 5, 1928,84). Rods, 0.5 to 0.8 by 2.5 to 5.0 microns, oc- curring singly and in chains. Motile. Gram- variable. Spores ellipsoidal, central to subterminal. Sporangia swollen and spindle-shaped. Gelatin stab: No growth. Carrot gelatin: Slow liquefaction. Yeast carrot agar colonies: Small, whit- ish, somewhat transparent, smooth, slightly glistening. Agar slants: No growth. With addition of carrot extract, there is noticeable growth along the line of inoculation. More abundant growth with the further addition of yeast extract. Yeast carrot broth: Fungoid in appear- ance, floating masses breaking up on shaking to produce uniform clouding. Carrot milk: Acid wdth curdling. No pep- tonization. Potato: No growth. Indole not produced (Stoilova, Zent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 99, 1938, 124). Acid but no gas (in yeast extract peptone broth) from xylose, glucose, fructose, galac- tose and salicin; slight acid produced by some strains from lactose and sucrose. N^o acid from mannitol or dulcitol. Starch not hydrolyzed (carrot starch agar) . Nitrites produced from nitrates (Loch- head, Can. Jour. Research, C, 15, 1937, 79). Purine bases are necessary for growth (Katznelson and Lochhead, Jour. Bact., 55, 1948, 763). Thiamine replaces the growth factor in vegetable or yeast extract, etc. (Lochhead, Jour. Bact., 44, 1942, 185). Growth, as well as spore-formation, in complex organic media enhanced by treat- ment with activated charcoal or soluble
