pellicle. Abundant, flocculent sediment. Dark brown, soluble pigment. Milk: No coagulation; slow liquefaction. Brown pigment. Potato: Moderate growth, at first red or brownish red, later dark brown. Aerial my- celium grayish white. Dark brown pigment. Lactose is an excellent source of carbon. Starch is hydrol.yzed. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Antagonistic properties: Produces an antibiotic substance, neonocardin. Source: Isolated from soil. Habitat: Soil. 44. Nocardia marina (Krassilnikov, 1949) Waksman, nom. nov. (Proactinoiuyces flavus Humm and Shepard, Duke Univ. Marine Sta. Bull., 3, 1946, 76; not Proactino- myces flavus Krassilnikov, Bull. Acad. Sci., U.S.S.R., No. 1, 1938, 139; Proactinomyces citreus subsp. marinae (sic) Krassilnikov, Guide to the Bacteria and Actinomycetes, Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., Moskau, 1949, 141.) ma.ri'na. L. adj. marinus of the sea, marine. Vegetative growth: Young colonies com- posed of slender rods and filaments of vari- ous lengths up to 5.0 microns or more, some of which are branched. Filaments 0.5 to 0.8 micron in diameter. Older colonies com- posed of coccoid elements only, about 0.6 micron in diameter, occurring singly or variously grouped. Non-motile. Not acid- fast. Gram-positive. Gelatin: Liquefaction crateriform or napi- form at first, becoming infundibuliform and, after ten days or more, stratiform. Usually complete after three or four weeks at 20° to 23° C. Agar colonies: Bright lemon-yellow, flat or slightly raised, the margin growing out- ward just beneath the surface of the agar with center somewhat raised. Margin undu- late or crenate. Older colonies exhibit char- acteristic division into segments. Thickly seeded colonies apparently antagonistic toward each other; their margins never grow together. Surface smooth, usually rather dull. Consistency thick-butyrous. No soluble pigments. Pungent, rather pleasant, fruity odor characteristically pro- duced. Agar slant: Filiform, flattened, lemon- yellow streak with undulate margin which usually spreads slowly just beneath the agar surface. Broth: Turbid; no pellicle. Yellow ring sometimes formed. Broth may remain clear with yellow granular growth adherent to sides of tube. Milk: Alkaline after a week or more. Pep- tonization; no coagulation. Indole not produced but slowly utilized. Indigotin not produced from indole. Hydrogen sulfide produced very slowly. Acid from arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, galactose, glucose, fructose, mannose, cello- biose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, salicin, glycerol, mannitol and gum arable. No acid from inulin, dulcitol, inositol, sorbitol, ethyl alcohol or ethylene glycol. Acetic, butyric and lactic acids are uti- lized. Citric, gluconic, malic, malonic, maleic, oxalic, propionic, succinic, tartaric and iso-valeric acids are not utilized. d-Arginine utilized as a source of both nitrogen and carbon. Aspartic acid, cystine, glycine, glutamic acid, 1-leucine and tyro- sine utilized only as nitrogen sources. dl-Alanine, creatine and dl-/3-phenylala- nine not utilized. Acetjdmethylcarbinol not produced. Starch is hydrolyzed. Cellulose, chitin and alginic acid are attacked. Seaweed gels: Agar slowly digested. Colonies on agar containing added nitrate usually form a slight, narrow depression. On nutrient agar, agar digestion is not visi- ble except with iodine test. Gelase field narrow, fading margin. Acid and reducing sugar produced from agar and from Irish moss gel. Gels from Agardhiella and Hypnea slowly utilized. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Nitrite or ammonia utilized as nitrogen source. Ammonia produced from nitrite, nitrate, urea, asparagine and peptone (sparingly). Urea used as nitrogen source. Catalase-positive. Aerobic. Optimum temperature, between 25° and 30° C.
