garded as being identical (see Emmons, Public Health Repts., U.S.P.H.S., S3, 1935, 1967; Rosebury, Bact. Rev., 8, 1944, 190; and others). Source: Originally found in lumpy jaw of cattle. Habitat: Frequently found in and about the mouths of cattle and probably other animals. Lesions may also be produced in the livers, udders or other organs of cattle and hogs. Possibly also found in human mouths (Naeslund, Acta path. Microbiol. Scand., ^, 1925, 110). 2. Actinomyces israelii (Kruse, 1896) Lachner-Sandoval, 1898. (Strahlenpilz, Wolff and Israel, Arch. f. path. Anat., 126, 1891, 11; Streptothrix Israeli (sic) Kruse, in Fliigge, Die Mikroorganismen, 3 Aufl., 2, 1896, 56; Actinomyces israeli (sic) Lachner- Sandoval, Inaug. Diss., Strassburg, 1898, 64.) is.ra.e'li.i. M.L. gen. noun israelii of Israel; named for Prof. James Israel, one of the original isolators of this organism. Description taken from Erikson (Med. Res. Council, London, Spec. Rept. Ser. 240, 1940, 63 pp.). Erect aerial hyphae are produced in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen tension. These hyphae are occasionally septate, but no definite spores are formed. One micron or more in diameter. The hyphae stain with acid stains. Large club-shaped forms, greater than 5 microns in diameter, are seen in morbid tissues. Substrate mycelium is initially unicellular, and the branches may e.xtend into the medium in long filaments or may, more or less quickly, exhibit fragmen- tation and characteristic angular branch- ing. The latter resembles the similar phe- nomenon found in Corynebacteriiim. Non-motile. Not acid-fast. Gram-positive. Colonies: These exhibit a considerable degree of polymorphism, but no stable variants have been established. Tougher in texture than those of Actinomyces hovis. Old colonies warted in appearance. Ad- herent to the medium. Gelatin: Occasionally scant, flaky growth. No liquefaction. Liquid media: Usually clear. Acid from sugars: According to Slack (Jour. Bact., 43, 1941, 193-209), acid from glucose, maltose, mannitol, sucrose and lactose; according to Negroni and Bon- figlioli (Physics, 15, 1939, 159), acid from glucose, galactose, lactose, fructose, malt- ose, raffinose, sucrose and xylose. Pigments: No soluble pigments on pro- tein media. No insoluble pigments pro- duced by growth. Egg or serum media: No proteolytic ac- tion. Litmus milk: Becomes acid but usually does not clot. No peptonization. Frequently no growth. No hemolysis. Anaerobic to microaerophilic. Optimum temperature, 37° C. Serology: No cross agglutination between 12 human strains and bovine strains of Actinomyces. No cross reactions with repre- sentative aerobic strains. Source: Isolated from two cases of hu- man actinomycosis: 1) a retromaxillary tumor, 2) actinomycosis of lung and breast (Wolff and Israel). Habitat: From human sources (mouth, tonsillar crypts, etc.). 3. Actinomyces baudetii Brion, 1942. {Actinomyces du chien et du chat, Brion, Rev. de Med. Veter., March, 1939; Actino- myces baudeti (sic) Brion, Rev. de Med. Veter., 91, 1942, 157; Actinohacterium bau- deti Prevot, Goret, Joubert, Tardieux and Aladame, Ann. Inst. Past., 81, 1951, 85.) bau.de'ti.i. M.L. gen. noun baudetii of Baudet; named for Dr. E. Baudet, an early student of this organism. Description taken from Brion, Goret and Joubert (Proc. VI Congress Interna- cional de Patol. Comp., Madrid, 4-11 Mayo, 1952, i. 48). Granules from histological preparations appear as tangled, radiating hyphae; the ends of the hyphae are rounded and ovoid, forming a crown. These club-shaped ends are not more than 5 microns in diameter. The hyphae take basic stains. Mycelia possess slender hyphae (0.2 to 0.4 micron) with irregular diameters. Non-septate. The ends are swollen and rounded. Copious branching. In artificial media the hyphae
