reverse. Aerial mycelium white to cinna- mon. Oatmeal agar: Tough, leathery, yellow- ish green to cream-yellow growth. Aerial mycelium floccose, pale violet to faint cinnamon. Tan to white exudate. Glucose broth: White to lime-green ring. No aerial mj'celium. Milk: Light brown ring. Limited, white aerial mycelium. Rapidly peptonized with alkaline reaction. Potato : Grayish white to yellow-green to light brown growth. Aerial mycelium light gray to gray. No soluble pigment. Carrot: White to cream-colored growth. Aerial mycelium cretaceous. No soluble pigment. Xjdose, fructose, inositol, starch, de.xtrin, galactose and maltose are utilized. Arabi- nose, rhamnose, dulcitol and salicin not utilized. Starch is hydrolyzed. Nitrites not produced from nitrates. Optimum temperature, between 25° and 37° C. Antagonistic properties: Produces cin- namj'cin, a polypeptide antibiotic. Relationships to other species : Resembles Streptomyces griseocarneus. Source: Isolated from Japanese soil. Habitat: Soil. 83. Streptomyces violaceoniger (Waks- man and Curtis, 1916) Waksman and Hen- rici, 1948. (Actinomyces violaceus-niger Waksman and Curtis, Soil Sci., 1, 1916, 111; Waksman and Henrici, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 947.) vi.o.la.ce.o'ni.ger. L. adj. violaceus violet; L. adj. niger black; M.L. adj. viola- ceoniger violet-black. Gelatin: Gray growth, with no produc- tion of aerial mycelium. Gelatin around colony rapidly liquefied, but without any change in color. Synthetic agar: Colony at first dark gray, turning almost black, 2 to 4 mm in diameter. Surface glossy, much folded with a very thin gray margin. A white to gray aerial mycelium is produced after the colony has developed well. A bluish black pigment is produced at a later stage of its growth. The pigment slowly dissolves in the me- dium, turning almost black. Odor fairly strong. Microscopically, two types of my- celium are found: the thin, branching fila- ments of the substratum, and the thick filaments of the aerial mycelium. The aerial mycelium does not fragment very rapidly, producing a few conidia, spherical and ellipsoidal, 1.2 to 1.5 by 1.2 to 2.3 microns. These often occur in chains. Synthetic solution: Colonies large, 2 to 3 mm in diameter, appearing at the bottom and surface of the solution, but none throughout the medium. Colonies bluish in color, w'ith a regular margin. Medium not colored. Potato plug: Growth at first very slight, but after 48 hours develops into a yellowish gray continuous thick smear which later turns brown, with a white aerial mycelium covering the growth. Medium not colored. Antagonistic properties: None; certain strains show activity. Source: Isolated once from the upland California soil. Habitat: Soil. 84. Streptomyces gedanensis (Lohlein, 1909) Miiller, 1950. {Streptothrix gedanensis I, Scheele and Petruschsky, Verhandl. d. Kongr. f. innere Med., 1897, 550; Strepto- thrix gedanensis Lohlein, Ztschr. f. Hyg., 63, 1909, 11; Miiller, Medizinische Mikro- biologie, 4 Aufl., 1950, 294.) ge.da.nen'sis. M.L. neut.n. Gedanum the city of Danzig (Gdan'sk) on the Baltic Sea; M.L. adj. gedanensis pertaining to Danzig. Aerial mycelium: Short, gnarled hyphae; spores short, ellipsoidal to spherical. Gelatin: Thin, flaky growth. No soluble pigment. Rapid liquefaction. Agar: Thin, colorless growth. No aerial mycelium. No soluble pigment. Synthetic agar: Dark to almost black growth with dark reverse. Aerial mycelium abundant, mouse-gray. No soluble pigment. Starch agar: Yellowish to cream-colored growth. Aerial mycelium light gray. Glucose agar: Cream-colored growth be- coming black with light margin. Aerial mycelium abundant, mouse-gray. Broth: Flaky growth on bottom of tube. Milk: Cream-colored surface ring. Not peptonized.
