a. From the normal mouth cavity. 5. Treponema tnicrodenlium. aa. From mouths affected with pyorrhea alveohiris. 6. Treponema mucosuni. B. Causes pinta. 7. Treponema caraleum. II. From rabbits. 8. Treponema cuniculi. 1. Treponema pallidum (Schaudiim and Hoffmann, 1905) Schaudinn, 1905. {Spiro- chaete pallida Schaudinn and Hoffmann, Arb. a. d. kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, 22, 1905, 528; Schaudinn, Deutsche med. Woch- nschr., 31, 1905, 1728.) pal'Ii.dum. L. adj. pallidus pale. Cells occur as very fine protoplasmic spirals, 0.25 to 0.3 by 6.0 to 14.0 microns. Spiral amplitude, 1.0 micron, regular, fixed; spiral depth, 0.5 to 1.0 micron. A terminal spiral filament is present. Weakly refractive in the living state by dark-field illumina- tion. May appear as a series of bright dots or as a string of radiant beads with poor dark-field illumination. Motile by means of a sluggish, drifting motion; stiffly flexible, rarely rotating. Stain with difficulty except with Giemsa's stain by which they appear pink or rose. Appear black with silver im- pregnation methods. Cultivated with difficulty under strict anaerobiosis in ascitic fluid with the addi- tion of fresh rabbit kidney. Trypsin digestion: The cells are resistant for many days. Bile salts (10 per cent) : Disintegration of cells is complete. Saponin (10 per cent) : The cells are broken up in time. Habitat: The cause of syphilis in man. Can be transmitted experimentally to an- thropoid apes and to rabbits. 2. Treponema pertenue Castellani, 1905. (Jour. Trop. Med., <S, 1905, 253.) per.te'nu.e. L. adj. pertenuis very thin, slender. Morphologically indistinguishable from Treponema pallidum. Cultivable under anaerobic conditions in the same medium used for Treponema pallidum. Habitat: The cause of yaws, tropica fram- l)esia. Patients with the disease give a posi- tive Wassermann test. Transmission by flies (Hippelates pallipes) in the West Indies (Kumm and Kumm et al.) and by flies (Musca spectanda) in Africa (Thomson and Lamborn) (for references, see Hill, Bull. World Health Organiz., 8, 1953, 32 and 47). 3. Treponema calligyriim Noguchi, 1913. (Jour. Exp. Med., 17, 1913, 96.) cal.li.gy'rum. Gr. noun callus beauty; Gr. adj. gyrus round; M.L. adj. calHgyrus beautifully rounded. The cells measure 0.35 to 0.4 by 6.0 to 14.0 microns, averaging 9.0 to 12.0 microns. The spirals are regular and deep but are more rounded than those of Treponema pallidum. The cells are of uniform width until near the extremities, which end in sharp points with delicate projections. Ac- tively motile, chiefly rotating. Stain reddish violet with Giemsa's stain. Grows under anaerobic conditions. Non-pathogenic for monkeys and rabbits. Source: Isolated from smegma. Habitat: Found in the lesions and mem- branes of the pudenda. 4. Treponema genitalis Noguchi, 1923. (Treponema rnimdutn Noguchi, Jour. Exp. Med., 27, 1918, 671; not Treponema minutum Dobell, Arch. f. Protistenk., 26, 1912, 151; not Treponema mimdum Castellani, 1916; Noguchi, Laboratory Diagnosis of Syphilis, New York, 1923, 260.) ge.ni.ta'lis. L. adj. genitalis geniiaX. The cells measure 0.25 to 0.3 by 3.0 to 14.0 microns. The spirals are round, regular and shallow. The cells are smaller, and the spirals are closer together than those of Treponema pallidum. Actively motile. Grows anaerobically and requires fresh tissue.
