or.ni.tho'sis. Gr. noun ornis, ornithis a bird; Gr. suffix -osis ending to denote a disease of; M.L. gen. noun ornithosis a dis- ease of birds, ornithosis. Coccoid cells resemble those of Miyaga- wanella lymphogranulomatosis . Cultivation: Same as for Miyagawanella psittaci. Immunology: Possesses one or more anti- gens in common with or closely resembling one or more of those present in chlamydiae and in other miyagawanellae as shown by a cross reaction in complement-fixation tests. Sharply distinguished from other miyagawanellae by toxin-antitoxin neu- tralization or by neutralization of infection in mice with chicken antisera. The latter test, however, suggests that the agent of meningopneumonitis (Francis and Magill, Jour. Exp. Med., 68, 1938, 147) is this species rather than something different. Immunity in man or other animals is probably poor except in the presence of continuing appar- ent or inapparent infections. Cross reac- tions suggest that Miyagawanella ornithosis may be more closely related to M. lympho- granulomatosis than is M. psittaci. Toxic factor: Same as for Miyagawanella psittaci. Pathogenic for birds (especially non- psittacine species), man, ferrets, guinea pigs, hamsters, white rats, kangaroo rats, mice, rabbits and for chicken embryos. In- apparent infections may occur. Causes a pneumonitis of varying severity with or without septicemia in man. Tissue tropism: Causes a septicemia. In birds and man, shows a predilection for the lungs. In laboratory rodents, this species is infective by the intranasal, intracerebral, intravenous and, with relatively large in- ocula of most strains, by the intraperi- toneal routes. Antibiotic- and chemo-therapy: Suscep- tible to many antibiotics including rela- tively large doses of penicillin. Not sus- ceptible to sulfonamides. Source: Found in the organs and nasal se- cretions of finches, pheasants (including do- mestic chickens), other poultry, domesti- cated doves, fulmar petrels and other birds. Spreads from the secretions to plumage and droppings. Habitat: The etiological agent of orni- thosis and of meningopneumonitis (Francis and Magill, loc. cit.). 4. Miyagawanella pneumoniae Rake, 1948. (Rake, in Manual, 6th ed., 1948, 1118; Ehrlichia pneumoniae Krassilnikov, Guide to the Bacteria and Actinomycetes, Izd. Akad. Nauk, U.S.S.R., Moskau, 1949, 743; Rickettsiaformis pneumoniae Zhdanov and Korenblit, Jour. Microbiol., Epidemiol, and Immunobiol. (Russian), No. 9, 1950, 43; Chlamydozoon hominis Ryzhkov, Voprosy Meditsinskoi Virusologii (Prob. Med. Virol.), Akad. Med. Nauk, S.S.S.R., Mos- kau, 3, 1950, 17.) pneu.mo'ni.ae. Gr. noun pneum,onia pneumonia; M.L. gen. noun pneumoniae of pneumonia. Coccoid cells resemble those of Miyagawa- nella lymphogranulomatosis but are slightly smaller, measuring about 200 millimicrons in diameter. Cultivation: Same as for Miyagawanella psittaci. Immunology: Same as for Miyagawanella psittaci. Distinct from Miyagawanella orni- thosis by the neutralization test with chicken antisera. Pathogenic for birds, man, cotton rats, hamsters, white rats, kangaroo rats, mice and for chicken embryos. Causes a fatal pneumonitis in man. Tissue tropism: Same as for Miyagawa- nella ornithosis. Antibiotic- and chemo-therapy: Same as for Miyagawanella ornithosis. Source: Found in the lungs of infected hu- mans. Possibly originally of avian origin. Habitat : The etiological agent of one type of viral pneumonia. The type strain is the so-called strain S-F (Eaton, Beck and Pear- son, Jour. Exp., Med., 73, 1941, 641). 5. Miyagawanella bronchopneumo- niae Moshkovskiy, 1945. (Bronchopneu- monie virus, Gonnert, Zent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 147, 1941, 161; Moshkovskiy, Uspekhi Souremennoi Biologii, 19, 1945, 19; Ehrlichia bronchopneumoniae Moshkovskiy, loc. cit.; Cystidium bronchopneumoniae muris Ruska, Poppe and Kausche, Ztschr. f. Hyg., 127, 194:7, 201 ■,Cystidiumgonnertianu7n
