A Bittern at Close Range BY A. V. KIDDER (As;ed 15) ON May i6, 1901, I was walking alone by the edge of a large marsh near the Waverley Oaks, in Belmont, Mass. It was about 3 o'clock on a hot sunny afternoon, and I was therefore much surprised to hear the pumping of a Bittern from the long grass. I had made it my rule always to look for a Bittern that 1 heard pumping, but had never yet been lucky enough to see the operation. I looked care- fully over the broad expanse of marsh grass and water, and soon struck something that looked suspicious. From behind a small clump of dead bullrushes there protruded a brown object, that, even with the glasses, could scarcely be proved animate. All my doubt of its identity was removed when the top of the stick suddenly bent down, was jerked up and pulled down again, while the well-known guttural, bubbling grunt came to my ears. The neck immediately became stiff and straight again, and the bird stood motionless for several minutes. This Bittern only pumped from three to four times running and then stood quietly for two to three minutes before repeating his performance. I have never heard a Bittern pump more than eight consecutive times, nor less than twice. The bird was about a hundred ards distant, with only his neck and head in sight. His neck was protruding straight from the grass and his head pointed upward and outward. The process of pumping was as fol- lows: When ready, he lowered his beak, so that it pointed about paral- lel to the grass. After a few preliminary nods his head jerked violently down and his throat swelled and puffed as if a large ball were being brought up from the stomach, then his head was thrown up to a per- pendicular, and whipped down a trifle lower than in the first nods. These movements made up one "pump" consisting of three syllables that sounded to me like '*glump-te-glough." The ne.xt pump is started with- out the preparatory nods. The actions are so lightning-like that it is impossible to say in what part of the gyrations of his head the separate notes come. He was too far distant for me to hear the snapping of the bill heard by Mr. liolles, less than two miles from the same place. One note of three syllables took a little oer one second, ami during the interval, which was longer than in the night performance, he stood gaz- ing steadfastly toward the sk . I suppose the dipping of his bill, like that of a bird drinking, before beginning the song, ga e rise to tlie ery natural idea tiiat water was useil in the process.
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