The results of umlaut may be tabulated thus:
| æ (<a. 7) | becomes ę. (Sometimes æ. S. § 89, 1, Note 1.) | |
| ǫ (<a. 8) | becomes ę. | |
| ā (< Germanic ai) | becomes ǣ. | |
| ǣ (< Germanic ē) | remains ǣ. | |
| o, ō | become e, ē. | |
| u, ū | become y, ȳ. | |
| ea, ēa | become ie, īe; i, ī; in LWS usually y, ȳ (3, Note) | |
| eo, ēo | ||
| io, īo |
(a) Thus, æ into ę: hęre (< stem *hærjo), army; lęcgan (< *lægjan), to lay; sęllan (< *sæljan), to give; męte (stem *mæti), meat.
(b) ǫ into ę: dat. sg. męn(n) (< *mǫnni), nom. (acc.) pl. męn(n) (< *mǫnniz), man; ðęnc(e)an (< *ðǫncian), to think; węndan (< *wǫndian), to turn.
(c) ā and ǣ into ǣ: dǣl (stem *dāli; Goth. dails), portion; dǣlan (< *dālian; Goth. dailjan), to share; hǣlan (< *hālian; Goth. hailjan), to heal; dǣd (stem *dǣdi; Goth. -dēds), deed; lǣce (stem *lǣcio; Goth. lēkeis), leech.
(d) o, ō into e, ē: morgen (< *morgan). but mergen (< *morgin; Goth. maurgins), morrow; dat. sg. dehter (< *dohtri), daughter; dēman (< *dōmian), to judge; fēt, tēð, gēs, dat. sg. and nom. (acc.) pl. of fōt, foot, tōð (8, Note), tooth, gōs, goose.
Note.—The umlaut of o (short) is restricted by reason of the Germanic law according tu which o is changed into u before a following i or j. (S. § 45, 3.)
