Page:Brundtland Report.djvu/123

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English
Page 123

TABLE 5–1
Two Decades of Agricultural Development

	Per Capita Food Production (Index 1961-64=100)		Per Capita Gross Cropped Area (Hectares)		Per Hectare Fertilizer use (kg.)
	1961–64	1981–84	1964	1984	1964	1984
World	100	112	0.44	0.31	29.3	85.3
North America	100	131	1.05	0.90	47.3	93.2
Western Europe	100	131	0.11	0.25	114.4	124.1
Eastern Europe and USSR	100	128	0.84	0.71	30.4	122.1
Africa	100	88	0.74	0.35	1.8	9.7
Near East*	100	107	0.53	0.35	6.9	53.6
Far East**	100	116	0.10	0.20	4.4	45.4
Latin America	100	108	0.49	0.45	11.6	11.4
CPE's of Asia***	100	135	0.17	0.10	15.5	170.3
* As FAO grouping that includes West Asia plus Egypt, Libya and Sudan
** As FAO grouping that covers South and South-East Asia excluding the centrally planned economies of Asia.
*** As FAO grouping of Centrally Planned Economies of Asia which covers China, Kampuchea, North Korea, Mongolia and Vietnam.

accounted for less than 10 per cent of world grain trade thus far in the 1980.^[1]

5. Other foods besides grains are changing the patterns of world food demand and production. Demand for milk and meat is growing as incomes rise in societies that prefer animal protein, and much agricultural development in the industrialized nations has been devoted to meeting these demands. In Europe, meat production more than tripled between 1950 and 1984, and milk production nearly doubled.^[2] Meat production for exports increased sharply, particularly in the rangelands of Latin America and Africa. World meat exports have risen from around 2 million tons in 1950–52 to over 11 million tons in 1984.^[3]

6. To produce this milk and meat required in 1984 about 1.4 billion cattle and buffaloes, 1.6 billion sheep and goats, 800 million pigs.,and a great deal of poultry – all of which weigh more than the people on the planet.^[4] Most of these animals graze or browse or are fed local plants collected for them. However, rising demands on livestock feedgrains led to sharp increases in the production of cereals such as corn, which accounted for nearly two-thirds of the total increase in grain production in North America and Europe between 1950 and 1985.

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1. FAO, Yearbook of Food and Agricultural Statistics Trade Volume, Part 2 1951 and Trade Yearbook 1982 and 1984 (Rome: 1952, 1983, and 1985).
2. FAO, Trade Yearbook 1968 and Commodities Review and Outlook 1984-85 (Rome: 1969 and 1986).
3. FAO, Yearbook of Food 8nd Agricultural Statistics, Trade Volume, Part. 2 1954 (Rome: 1955); FAO, Commodities Review, op. cit.
4. FAO, Production Yearbook 1984 (Rome: 1985)