A/42/427
English
Page 189
health and environment aspects), and political component of nuclear energy. In particular, international agreement must be reached on the following specific items:
- full governmental ratification of the conventions on 'Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident' (including the development of an appropriate surveillance and monitoring system) and on 'Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency' as recently developed by IAEA;
- emergency response training - for accident containment and for decontamination and long-term clean-up of affected sites, personnel, and ecosystems;
- the transboundary movement of all radioactive materials, including fuels, spent fuels, and other wastes by land, sea, or air; *a code of practice on liability and compensation;
- standards for operator training and international licensing;
- codes of practice for reactor operation, including minimum safety standards;
- the reporting of routine and accidental discharges from nuclear installations;
- effective, internationally harmonized minimum radiological protection standards;
- agreed site selection criteria as well as consultation and notification prior to the siting of all major civil nuclear-related installations;
- standards for waste repositories;
- standards for the decontamination and dismantling of time-expired nuclear reactors; and
- problems posed by the development of nuclear-powered shipping.
61. For many reasons, especially including the failure of the nuclear weapons states to agree on disarmament, the Nonproliferation Treaty has not proved to be a sufficient instrument to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, which still remains a serious danger to world peace. We therefore recommend in the strongest terms the construction of an effective international regime covering all dimensions of the problem. Both nuclear weapons states and non nuclear weapons states should undertake to accept safeguards in accordance with the statutes of IAEA.
62. Additionally, an international regulatory function is required, including inspection of reactors internationally. This should be quite separate from the role of IAEA in promoting nuclear energy.
63. The generation of nuclear power is only justifiable if there are solid solutions to the presently unsolved problems to which it gives rise. The highest priority must be accorded to research and development on environmentally sound and economically viable alternatives, as well as on means of increasing the safety of nuclear energy.
