PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS.
No picture is certified by signature or document
as Scliongnuer's work. The pictures nearest to
liim in style, alter the Cohnar Madonna, are two
small 'Holy Families,' at Munich and Vienna, and
an 'Adoration of the Sheplierds,' at Berlin. Two
wings of an altar-piece from Isenlieim, represent-
ing the 'Annunciation' on one side, 'The Virgin
adoring Christ 'and ' St. Anthony ' on the other, are
the best pictures called by his name in the Coluiar
Museum ; the 'Passion,' in sixteen subjects, is a
school work; so is the so-called ' Schongaiier
Altar' in the Ulm Minster. There are more than a
hundred engravings authenticated by his signature,
the initials M.S., with a cross, one arm of which
is hooked. Schongauer's Madonnas and Saints
are distinguished by their tenderuess, purity, and
reverence ; his type of Christ is also most retine d.
He was not a consummate drauglitsiuan, but in
the technique of liiie-engravin< was unrivalled in
the 6fteenlh century, and scarcely surpassed by
Diirer. His ornamental plates, such as the 'Censor'
and ' Pastural Staff,' are extreTuely beautiful. The
best collection of his engravings is at Berlin. A
good one is in the British Museum. All the litera-
ture relating to Schongaiier is cited and summarized
in ' Bibliographie des Oiivrages et Articles con-
cernant Martin Schongauer, &c.,' by Andr^ Waltz,
Colmar, 1903. C. D.
Of Schongauer's plates from his own compositions the following are perliaps tlie best : 1. The Angel of the Annuuciatiou. 2. * Ecce AnciIJa Domini.' 3. The Angelic Salutation. 4. The Nativity. 5. The Small Nativity.
- ). The Adoration of the Kiags.
7. The Flight into Egypt. 8. The Bapti.'iin of Cliri.,t, 9-20. A ' Passiou ' series of twelve plates. 21. The large Keariug the Crons. 22. Chri.st ou the Cross, with several figures. 23. Christ on the Cruss, with the "irgin and St. Joho only. 24. Christ on the Cros.s, with soldier.? dividing his garments. 95. The ' Large Christ ou the Cross,' with angels receiving the blood. 28. A Christ ou the Cross, with the Virgin and St. John 27. ' Noli me Tangere.' 25. The small ' Virgin and Child." 29. The large ' Virgin and Child.' 30. Virgin and Child with Parrot and Cushion. 31. Virgin and Child on a ]!ank, before a wattled feuce. 32. Virgin and Child, in a Court. 33. Virgin and Child, on a crescent moon. 34. Death of the Virgin. 35-46. The Twelve Apostles. 47. St. Anthony the Hermit, with the bell and pig. 48. St. Anthouy tormented by Demons. 49. St. Christopher. 50. St. George slaying the Dragon with a spear. 51. St. George slaying the Dragon with a sword. 52. St. George riding over the Dragon. 53. St. James the Greater on a white horse. 54. St. John the B.iptist, with the Agnus Dei. 55. St. John the Evangelist writing the Apocalypse. 56. St. Lawrence with palm and gridiron. 57. St. Martin and the Beggar. 58. The Archangel Michael and the Dragon. 59. The larger St. Sebastian. 60. The smaller St. Sebastian. 61. St. Stephen with the Balm-branch. 62. A Bishop. 63. St. Agnes with Palm and Lamb. 64. St. Barbara with Tower. 65. The large St. Catherine of Alexandria. 66. The small St. Catherine of Alexandria. 67. St. Veronica with the Sudariura. 68. The Infant Sanour with the Imperial Orb. 69. Christ in the Act of Benediction. 70. The 'Man of Sorrows.' 71. God the Father, enthroned. 72. God the Father, enthroned, with the Virgin and Angels. 73. God the Father crowning the Virgin. 74-77. The Creature Symbols of the Four Evangelists. 78. The Five M'ise Virgins. 79. The Five Foolisli Virgins. 80. Bust of a 'Foolish Virgin.' 81. Peasant going to Market, with his wife an 1 child. 82. Man with an Ass and its Foal. 83. Two Armed Pedestrians conversing (?). 84. Two Yoi:ths quarrelling. 85. Eleph.ant with Howdah (,?). 86. An Imaginary Beast. 87. A Stag anil Doe. 88. A Family of Pigs. 89. Male aiid Female Figures supporting shields. 90. The Head of a Bishop's Pastoral staff. 91. A Censer. 92. A Monstrance. 93-102. Ten I'lates of Ornamental Foliage. (All these, with the exception of half-a-dozen, are JD the British Museum.)
SCHONINGEK, Leo, horn at Vv'eil in Wiirtemberg in 1811, went in 1825 to the Boisser^e Institute to lithograph old German pictures. In 1827 he studied at the Munich Academy under Cornelius and Stieler. He afterwards lithographed several pictures in the Leuchtemberg Gallery. He died in 1880.
SCHUNMANN, Joseph, painter, was born at Vienna, April 19, 1799. He studied at the Vienna Academy, and afterwards at Home, and is known principally by pictures painted for various churches, at Trieste and Vienna. He was a member of the Vienna Academy.
SCHOOCK, or SCHOOK, Hendmk, the son of GiSBERT ScHooCK, a painter of Bommel, bom at Utrecht about 1670. He painted flowers and fruit.
SCHOOF, Gerhabdt, historical painter, was born .at Mechlin in the 16th century. He vcas the son of one Jakob Schoof, and perhaps the grand- son of Jan Schoof. In 1.575 he was admitted into the Antwerp Corporation of St. Luke, of which he was dean iu 1588. He had a large number of pupils. In 1612 he gave an altar-piece to the church of Hoboken, on condition that every year he and his wife should be carried to the kermesse in that town in a covered car and provided with a good dinner. In 1614 a Willem Schoof, and in 1622-3 a Jan ScHoor, who may have been his sons, were inscribed on the registers of St. Luke, the former as a master, the latter as a pupil.
SCHOOF, Jan, a painter of Mechlin in (he 16lh century. In 1514 he was commissioned by the magistrates of his native city to paint the council summoned by Charles the Bold. The picture was placed in the church of St. Kumbold, and waa destroyed by the Image-breakers.
SCHOOF, Rudolf. A Flemish painter of this name was appointed to the household of Louis XIII. of France, and numbered Adriaan De Bie among his pupils.
SCHOONEBECK, Adbiaan, a Dutch engraver, was born at Amsterdam in 1650. He engraved a variety of frontispieces and other plates fur books, and published, in two volumes, the 'habits' of all the religious orders in Europe. He died at Moscow in 1714.
SCHOONJANS, Anthonie, called Parrhasius, born at Antwerp in 1650, was a scholar of Erasmus Quellin, under whom he studied until he was nineteen years of age, when he travelled to Italy
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