Sarmatian troops, and on inscription[1] found at Ainstable near Armthwaite, Cumberland, erected by Germans, as well as at Hexham, Northumberland.[2] The Geographer of Ravenna[3] mentions a place-name in Britain called Maponi, which was, in full, possibly Maponi fanum. On the Continent the name Maponos occurs only at Bourbonne-les-Bains and Rouen, in both cases as that of a man. The name Mapŏnos meant "the great (or divine) youth," and survived in Welsh legend as that of Mabon. Welsh legend gives his mother's name as Matrŏna (the divine mother), a name identical with that of the original name of the river Marne. In Wales, the name Mabon forms the second element in the place-name Rhiw Fabon (the slope of Mabon), now commonly spelt Ruabon, in Denbighshire. On all the British inscriptions Mapŏnos is identified with Apollo.
It is difficult to be certain whether Mogons, the deity from whom Moguntiacum (Mainz) derives its name, was known to natives of Britain, but the name occurs on inscriptions at Plumptonwall near Old Penrith,[4] Netherby[5] and Risingham.[6] In the case of deities of this type the original zone of their worship is not easily discoverable; for example, the name of a god Tullinus occurs on inscriptions at Newington in Kent[7] and Chesterford,[8] as well as at Inzino[9] and Heddernheim. There is a similar difficulty in the case of the god Sucellos, whose name occurs on inscriptions at York, Vienne (dep. Isère), Yverdun in Switzerland, Worms, Mainz, and the neighbourhood of Saarburg in Lorraine. It is not impossible that we have here a reference to one of the greater gods of the Keltic pantheon, who was worshipped in Britain as well as in other parts of the Keltic world. It is scarcely possible, again, to doubt the identity with the major Keltic god Teutates of the Toutatis mentioned on inscriptions at Rooky Wood, Hertfordshire,[10] Seckau[11] and Rome,[12] and of the Tutatis (identified with Cocidius and Mars), mentioned on an inscription at Old Carlisle.[13] It is certain that Cocidius was a British god, and the evidence for the British character of Tutatis appears no less convincing. The name of Cocidius occurs on inscriptions at Lancaster, Old Carlisle, Housesteads, Hardriding, Banksteed near Lanercost Priory, Howgill near Walton, Birdoswald near Bewcastle, Low Wall near Howgill, High Stead between Old Wall and Bleatarn, Old Wall near Carlisle, at a spot between Tarraby and Stanwix, at Netherby, and close to Bewcastle, while it occurs nowhere on the Continent. The name of another deity, Belatucadros, occurs on inscriptions at Whelp Castle near Kirkby Thore in Westmoreland, Brougham Castle, Westmoreland, Plumptonwall near Penrith in Cumberland, Kirkbride in Cumberland, Old Carlisle, Ellenborough, Carvoran, Castlesteads, Scalby
