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the Kanal Gliwicki eastward to the Przcmsza, a Vistula tributary, thus forming an Oder-Vistula connection in southern Poland. Development plans through 1975 include expansion of port facilities at Kozle, Gliwice, and Opole on the Oder; at Bydgowzcz on the Oder-Vistula system; and the Plock and Warsaw in nearby Zeran on the Vistula system. New river ports at Poznan on the Warta, and Wloclawek and Tozan on the Vistula are planned.
F. Pipelines (S)
Poland's estimated 3,150 miles of pipeline form one of the better systems along the Eastern European countries. About 875 miles are used for transporting crude oil, 175 miles for refined products, and an estimated 2,100 miles for natural and manufactured gas. Some 770 miles of new lines are under construction, more than half of which are to be used as gas carriers (Figure 5).
The most important pipeline in the operating system is a branch of the CEMA I (Friendship) International pipeline network which transports crude oil from the Urals-Volga region in the USSR to member countries in Eastern Europe; this line is controlled by the CEMA Petroleum and Gas Industry Commission. The CEMA I line was completed in 1963 and comprised two segments: the first part extends from the USSR border near Mielmk to a refinery at Plock, is 24 inches in diameter, and has a potential capacity of 12 million metric tons of crude oil per year; the second segment extends from Plock to an East German refinery at Schwedt, has a 20-inch diameter, and has a potential capacity of 5 million tons of crude oil per year. Paralleling the CEMA I line is CEMA II, a crude-oil line which was completed in early 1973. The segment from the USSR to Plock is 32 inches in diameter, and the second segment is estimated to be 28 inches in diameter. With the completion of the CEMA II line, Polish oil-refining facilities are to be expanded by 1975 to a capacity of 12 million metric tons. A significant international crude-oil pipeline in the planning stage will link the oil port of Banat, Yugoslavia, with petrochemical complexes in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and possibly Poland, by 1976.
The refined products pipeline system is approximately 430 miles long. Two recently completed lines extend from the petrochemical plant at Blachownia Slaska, one in Wroclaw and the other to Gliwice. The Plock-Lodz line is being extended beyond Lodz to Blachownia Slaska via Czestochowa and Bylon. A product line is reportedly under construction between Plock and Gdansk.
The natural-gas industry relies on imports from the USSR to meet its requirements. Three main natural-gas pipelines extend from gas fields in the USSR and southeastern Poland to the east-central and southwestern sections of the country. Two of the lines extend northward from Przemysl in Warsaw. These run generally parallel as far as Stalowa Wola where they separate, one continuing via Krasnik, Pulawska Wies, and Otwiuck and the other via Sturachowice and Radom. Each line is about 225 miles long. The third major line, actually a system consisting of two main pipelines and numerous sections of dual piping, transports gas from Przcmysl to Myslowice in Upper Silesia, a distance of about 186 miles. Poznan is the hub of a major gas system in the western part of the country. Existing lines connect Poznan, via Krobla, to Zielona Gore and Turel. Branch lines are under construction from Poznan to Szczecin, Pila, and Bydgoszcz. A pipeline under construction from Warsaw to Gdansk should be completed by early 1974. Plans call for building a pipeline from Gdansk to Szczecin, but information is not available as to when construction will begin. The Association of the Gas Industry, a unit of the Ministry of Mining and Power, controls the natural-gas lines.
Details of selected pipelines are given in Figure 6.
G. Ports (S)
The Polish seaports can be divided into two groups: 1) the major ports for shipment and distribution - Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, and Swinoujscie; and 2)
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