Page:CIA-RDP01-00707R000200070030-5.pdf/11

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200070030-5

FIGURE 6. Production and yields of principal crops (U/OU)

Production (million tons)	1950-55 Average	1956-60 Average	1961-65 Average	1966-70 Average	1971	1972
Wheat	2.0	2.3	3.0	4.3	5.5	5.2
Rye	6.1	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.8	8.2
Barley	1.1	1.2	1.4	1.7	2.4	2.8
Oats	2.1	2.5	2.6	2.9	3.2	3.2
Potatoes	30.8	36.3	43.7	47.9	39.9	48.7
Sugar beets	6.5	7.7	11.4	13.6	12.6	14.3
Yields (quintals[1] per hectare)	1950-55 Average	1956-60 Average	1961-65 Average	1966-70 Average	1971	1972
Wheat	13.1	16.1	19.7	23.2	26.5	25.4
Rye	12.3	14.6	16.1	18.3	21.1	23.1
Barley	13.4	16.2	19.4	23.0	27.2	27.3
Oats	13.0	15.2	17.1	20.5	24.1	23.8
Potatoes	117.0	131.0	154.0	176.0	150.0	184.0
Sugar beets	187.0	211.0	267.0	324.0	299.0	327.0

territories, where advanced agricultural technology had been employed before the war. The neglect of agriculture and attempts at collectivization in the early 1950's resulted in slow recovery to prewar levels of productivity. The acquiescence of the Gomulka regime in permitting a private agricultural sector to operate stimulated a rapid increase in yields per hectare in the late 1950s and in the 1960's. The average annual yields of Poland's important grain crops were 25% to 45% larger in 1966-70 than in 1956-60 (Figure 6). Because of inferior agricultural technology, however, yields are generally still lower in Poland than in West European countries with similar soil and climatic conditions.

Livestock production has been expanding in recent years and accounted for nearly 47% of the gross value of agricultural output in Poland in 1972. The numbers of hogs and cattle have risen over the past decade, reaching postwar peak levels of 17.3 million and 11.5 million, respectively, in 1972 (June 30 census). Sheep raising is far less important, and after small increases in the mid-1960's, the number of sheep has been declining since 1968 (Figure 7). The number of horses also has declined in Poland, but to a lesser degree than in other East European countries. The small private farms that are still characteristic of Polish agriculture continue to use horses both for draft power and for local transportation.

The overall increase in livestock production during the 1960's enabled Poland to increase the domestic consumption of meat and other animal products and to remain an important exporter. Red meat production

FIGURE 7. Livestock and livestock products, selected years (U/OU)

Number of livestock (thousand head)[2]:	1955	1960	1965	1967	1969	1970	1971	1972	1975 Plan
Horses	2,560	2,805	2,554	2,643	2,633	2,585	2,501	2,422	2,300
Cattle	7,912	8,695	9,947	10,768	11,049	10,844	11,076	11,452	12,150[3]
Hogs	10,888	12,615	13,779	14,233	14,356	13,446	15,243	17,347	17,000[4]
Sheep	4,243	3,662	3,061	3,321	3,239	3,199	3,180	3,110	na
Production:	1955	1960	1965	1967	1969	1970	1971	1972	1975 Plan
Red meat[5] (thousand tons)	894	1,148	1,334	1,409	1,500	1,478	1,481	1,615	1,850[6]
Whole milk (thousand tons)	9,903	12,808	13,330	14,480	14,672	14,935	15,038	15,739	18,818[7]
Eggs (billions)	4.2	5.6	6.3	6.3	6.7	6.9	7.1	7.5	7.8
Wool, unwashed (thousand tons)	9.8	9.0	7.5	8.6	8.8	8.9	9.1	9.0	na

5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200070030-5

1. One quintal = 100 kilograms (220.46 pounds).
2. June 30 census
3. Mid-point of planned range.
4. Mid-point of planned range.
5. Dressed carcass weight, including edible offals
6. Computed using planned percentage increases.
7. Mid-point of planned range.