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Chapter III.
Principles to be observed in conducting Elections.
§ 1. Number of Votes each Elector may give.
The two extreme cases are (1) to let each Elector give as many votes as there are Members to be returned by the District; (2) to let him give one vote only.
The effect of each of these methods, and of the intermediate methods which lie between them, will be best understood by considering the following Tables of percentages.
We will first find general formulæ for determining what number of Electors, in a given District, is necessary and sufficient to secure the return of one Candidate, of 2, of 3, &c.
| Let e = | No. of | Electors in the District, |
| m = | . . . . . | Members assigned to it, |
| v = | . . . . . | votes each Elector can give, |
| s = | . . . . . | seats it is desired to fill, |
| x = | . . . . . | Electors required. |
