PALOn
434
FALUDANUS
ciis", xi). In 745 it sutTcred from the wars of the
Ommiads and Abba.ssids, in lOS'J underwent an earth-
quake, and then fell eonipletely into oblivion.
The date of the introduction of Christianity into Palmyra is unknown. In 32.5 its bishop, Marinus, assisted at the Council of Niea-a; another, John, signed at Chalcedon in 451 as suffragan of Dama-seus; another John was expelled as a Monophysite in 518 (Le Quien, "Oriens christ.", II, 845). The diocese first depended on Tyre in Phoenicia, then on Da- mascus in Lebanon Phrenieia, as is shown by the Antioch "Notitia epi.scopatuum" of the sixth cen- tury ("Echos d'Orient", X, 145; "Hieroclis Synec- demus", ed. Burckhardt, 40); George of Cyprus, "Descriptioorbis romani",ed. Gelzer. 50). After TtU Palmyra wsis a suf- fragan of E m e s a (Echos d'Orient, X, 96). The ruins of Palmyra (now Toutl- mour) arc among the most beautiful in the world.
Wood and Dawkins, Les mines dc Pahnijrc autremcnt dite Tadmur (Paris, 1819); Seller, Antiquities of Palmyra (London. 1696); Saint- Martin. Hisloirc de Pal- myre (Paris. 1823); Wright, Palmyra and Zcnobia (London. 1898); Littmann, Semitic In- scriptions (New York, 1904) ; VooO£, Syrie cen- trale. Inscriptions s^mi- tiques (Paris. 1868) ; Wai>- DINGTON, Explication des inscriptions ffrecques et
iatinea de Grece et d\isie P.i
Mineure, n. 2.571-202li:
Double. Les C'esars de Palmyre (Paris. 1877); von Sallet, Dii Farsten ton Palmyra (Berlin. 18G6); MoRlTZ, Zur antiken Topii- ffraphie der Palmyrenc (Berlin. 1899) ; Marquardt. Organisatioi de Vempire romain (Paris. 1892), H. 360-62; Horns, Essai sttr U rjgnejie I'emperettr Auretien (^Paris, 1904); Revue biblique, I, 633-
38; II, 117. 627-30; VI, 592-97; XI, 94-9
- 608-618; XII,
S. Vailh^.
Falou, Francisco, Friar Minor, b. at Palma,
Island of Majorca, about 1722; d. in 1789 or 1790.
He entered the Franciscan order at his native place.
In 1740 he began the study of philosophy under the
illustrious leather Junipero Serra. With the latter
he volunteered for the American Indian missions, and
joined the missionary College of San Fernando de
Mexico early in 1740. With his friend he was also in
the same year assigned to the Indian missions of the
Sierra Gorda, north of Queretaro, and laboured there
until 1759 when with Father .Serra he was recalled in
order to work among the Indians in the San Sabas
region, Texas. For some reason the college failed to
accept those missions. Father Palou was therefore
employed in the City of Mexico until 1767 when with
Father Serra and fourteen other Franciscan friars he
was sent to Lower Cahfornia. In April. 1768, on
reaching Loreto, he was given charge of Mission San
Francisco Javier. In the following year, when Father
Serra proceeded to establish the missions of L^pper
California, Father Palou succeeded him in the office
of prcxitlcnte or superior of the lower missions. While
at the head of t lie friars in Lower California, he demon-
strated his eminent fitness for the position in a pro-
tracted struggle with the hostile Governor, Phelipe
Barri, whom he held at bay, and whose schemes against
the missionaries and Indians he defeated wliile in the
territorj'. When in 177.5 the Franciscans turned the
peninsula missions over to the Dominican Fathers,
Father Palou joined his brethren in Upper Californi;i
and acted as superior until the return from Mexico
of Father .Serra in 1774. In November of that year
he accompanied Captain Rivera's exploring expedition
to the Hay of San Francisco, and on 4 December,
planted the cross on Point Lobos in view of the ( ioklen
Gate and Pacific Ocean, the first priest to re:icli that
point. In June, 1776, he accompanied Lieutenant
ftlorag.a to the same baj% and on .June 2S, offered up
the first holy Mass on the spot hiter under the Mis-
sion Dolores (q. v.) or San Fr;uicisco, which Kalher
Palou founded a few weeks after, lie remaiiiccl in
charge until July, 1784, when he was c;ille(l lo Mission
San Carlos in order to administer the l:ist sacnui'cnts
to his fatherly friend and superior, latlier Junipero
Serra. When the latter had p:issr(l away on 28
August, 1784, Father Palou bei'aine :utiiig iircsidnde
of the missions. Age, ill-health, and the necessity of
having an experienced advocate near the vice-regal
court to defend the
rights of the Indians
and their spiritual
guides against the
assumptions of the
governor, induced
lather P;dou to re-
tire to the College of
San Fernando in
September, 17,S5. In
July of the following
year he was elected
guardian of the col-
lege, and held this
office until his death.
\\'hile in charge of
Mission San I'ran-
cisco he compiled his
"Noticias" in four
volumes. It is the
standard history of
the California mis-
sions from 1767 to
1784. At San Carlos Mission he wrote the Life of
Father Serra which contains the history of the first
nine missions, San Diego to San Buenaventura.
Palou, Noticias de la Antigua y Nueva California, I-IV (>San Francisco, 187.5) ; Palou. Relacidn Historica de la Vida del Ven. P. Fr. Junipero Serra (lilexico, 1787); Santa Barbara Mission Archives; California Archives (San Francisco): Archbiffhop's Archives (San Francisco) ; Engelhardt, Franciscans in Califor- nia (Harbor Springs. Micli.. 1897); Idem, Missions and Mission- aries of California. I (San Francisco, 1908); II (San Francisco, 1911); Bancroft, History of California, I (San Francisco, 1886).
Zephyhin Engelhardt.
Paltus, a titular see and suffragan of Seleucia Pieria in Syria Prima. The town was founded by a colony from Arvad or Aradus (Arrianus, Anab. II, .xiii, 17). It is located in Syria by PHny (Hist. Natur., V, xyiii) and Ptolemy (V, xiv,2); Strabo (XV, iii, 2; XVI, ii, 12) places it near the river Badan. When the pro\ince of Theodorias was made by Justinian, Paltus became a part of it (Georgii Cyprii Descriptio orbis romani, ed. Gelzer, 45). From the sixth century according to the "Xotitia episcopatuum" of Anas- ta-sius [Echos d'Orient, X, (1907), 144] it was an au- tocephalous archdiocese and depended on Antioch; in the tenth century it still existed and its precise limits are known [Echos d'Orient, X (1907), 97]. Le (^uien (Oriens christ., II, 799) mentions five of its bishops: Cymatius, friend of St. Athanasius, and Patricias, his successor; Severus (381); Sabbas at the Council of Chalcedon (451); finally John exiled by the Mono- physites and reinstated by Emperor Justin I (518). The ruins of Paltus may be seen at Belde at the south of Nahr es-Sin or Nahr el-Melek, the ancient Badan.
S. V'AlLufi.
PaJudanus, Peter (Petrus de Pai.ude), theolo- gian and archbi.shop, b. in tlie County of Brcsse, Savoy, about 1275; d. at Paris, 1.342. He entered the Dominican Order at Lyons, completed his theological studies at the University of Paris, and was made a
