TRYPHON
79
TUAM
the reniailing of Catholic papers and magazines to
people in out of the way sections. During the year
I I ,r)79 such famihes were supplied with 475,000 copies '<( Cathohc weekly papers and magazines. Catholic itiins are supphcd twice a month to 31 daily papers
III various parts of the United States. In affiliation « iili this society, and acting as distributing centres,
- i 1 Councils of the Knights of Columbus and 24 other
I'lyanizations in various localities have been of iiiaierial assistance in refuting calumnies against the (aihohc rehgion, in publishing in the daily press art icles that tend to promote a knowledge of Catholic affairs; in securing the removal of objectionable text- liiioks from the public schools, or the expurgation troiii the textbooks of false and unjust statements i-<incerning the Church; and generally assisting in 1 hi' dissemination of Catholic truth. The society has osi ablished connexions with agencies in fifteen foreign riiiintries.
Thomas F. Meehan.
Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha, martvrs w hi).-.e fea.-^t is observed in the Latin Church on 10 No- \ I tnlier. Tryphon is said to have been born at Kampsade in Phrygia and as a boy took care of geese. I luring the Decian persecution he was taken to N leaa about the year 250 and put to death in a hiirrible manner after he had converted the heathen prefect Licius. Fabulous stories are interwoven with his legend. He is greatly venerated in the ' .reek Church which observes his feast on 1 February. Ill this Church he is also the patron saint of gardeners. -M my churches were dedicated to him, and the I astern Emperor, Leo VI, the Philosopher (d. 912), delivered a eulogy upon Trj'phon. About the year KID.") the monk Theodoric of Fleury wrote an account of him ba.sed ujran earlier written legends; in Theo- ilorir's story Respicius appears as Tryphon's com- |ianion. The relics of both were preserved together wiih tho.sc of a hol,v virgin named Nympha, at the Hospital of the Holy Ghost in Sassia. Nympha was 1 \ irgin from Palermo who was put to death for the I aith at the beginning of the fourth century. Accord- iul: to other versions of the legend, when the Goths iii\aded Sicily she fled from Palermo to the ItaUan mainland and died in the sixth century at Savona. I he feast of her translation is observed at Palermo oil 19 .\ugust. Some believe that there were two - aints of this name. The church of the Hospital of Ml" Holy Ghost at Rome was a cardinal's title which, lonether with the relics of the.se saints, was trans- ferred in 1.506 by Pope Pius V to the Church of St. Viigustine. A Greek text of the life of St. Tryphon was discovered by Father Franchi de' Cavallieri, ■ Hagio-graphica" (Rome, 1908), in the series "Studi e Texti", XIX. The Latin Acts are to be found in Ruinart, "Acta Martyrum".
Annlcrin Bollandmna, XXVII, 7-10, 1.?; XXVIII. 217.
Gabriel Meier.
Tschideror zu Gleifheim, Johann Nepomuk \ o\, Bishop of Trent, b. at Bozen, 15 Feb., 1777; d. at Trent, 3 Dec, 1860. He sprang from a family 'lilt had emigrated from the Grisons to the Tyrol in 1 a-'lt and to which the Emperor Ferdinand HI had men a patent of nobility in 1620. .Johann Nepo- III uk was ordained priest, 27 .July, 1800, by P^mmanuel Count von Thun, Bi.shop of Trent. .After spending two years as an assistant priest, he went for further 'lining to Rome, where he was appointed notary 'stolic. After his return he took up pastoral work in in the German part of the Diocese of Trent, ! was later professor of moral and pastoral theology 1 'he episcopal seminary at Trent. In 1810 he I" ame parish priest at Sarnthal, and in 1819 at Meran. Wierever he went he gained a lasting repu- tation by his zeal and charitableness. In 1826 Prince- Bishop Luschin appointed him cathedral canon and
pro-vicar at Trent; in 1832 Prince-Bishop Galura of
Brixen selected him as Bishop of Heliopohs and Vicar-
General for Vorarlberg. In 1834 the Emperor Francis
I nominated him Prince-Bishop of Trent and on 5
May, 1835, he entered upon his office. During the
twenty-five years of his administration he was dis-
tinguished for the exercise of virtue and charity, and
for intense zeal in the fulfilment of the duties of his
ei)iscopal office. He was exceedingly simple and
abstinent in his personal habits. On the other hand
he loved splendour when it concerned the decoration
of his cathedral, the procuring of ecclesiastical vest-
ments, and the ornainentation of the chiu-ches. He
devoted a considerable part of his revenues to the
building of churches, and to the piu'chase of good
books for the parsonages and chaplains' houses. His
charity to the poor and sick was carried so far that he
was often left without a penny, because he had given
away everything he had. Twice the cholera raged
in his diocese and on these occasions he set his clergy
a shining example of Christian courage. He left his
property to the institution for the deaf and dumb at
Trent and to the seminary for students that he had
founded, and that was named after him the Joan-
neum. Directly after his death he was honoured as
a saint; the process for his beatification is now in
progress.
MilliiJuiniiit iihtr das Leben dcs. . . J. N. TsMderer iBozea, ISTlii: Tait, L'>icn des ehrwiirdigen Dieners Gollcs Johann Nepo- muk voti Tsi'Inrlerer. Nach den Prozessakten tmd beglaubigten Urkundcn (2 vols., Venice, 1904). Ger. tr. Schlegel (Trent, 1908).
Joseph Lms.
Tschupick, John Nepomuk, a celebrated preacher, b. at \ienna. 7 or 12 April, 1729; d. there, 20 July, 17S4. He entered the Jesuit novitiate on 14 October, 1744, and, shortly after, was appointed professor of grammar and rhetoric. In 1763 he became preacher at the cathedral of Vienna, a position which he filled during the remaining twenty-two years of his hfe with exceptional conscientiousness, prudence, and ability. His preaching was very successful and highly appre- ciated by Francis I (d. 17(i5), Maria Theresa (d. 1780), Joseph II (d. 1790), and the imperial Court. His sermons were remarkable for clearness and logical thought, strength and precision of ex-pression, copious- ness and skillful application of Patristic and Biblical texts. The first edition of his collected sermons was published in ten small volumes with an index volume (Vienna, 1785-7). This edition was supplemented by "Neue, bisher ungedruckte, Kanzelreden auf alle Sonn- und Festtage, wie auch fiir die heilige Fasten- zeit" (Vienna, 1798-1803). A new edition of all his sermons w.as prepared recently by Johann Hertkcns (5 vols., Paderbom, 1898-1903). An Italian trans- lation was made by Giuseppe Teglio (4 vols., 4th ed., Milan, 1856).
SoMMEBVOQEL, Bibl. dc la Compagnie de Jesus, VIII (Bnisscla, 1898), 261-3.
Michael Ott.
Tuam, Archdiocese OF (TiTAMENsis), in Ireland. — The Archdiocese of Tuam, the metropolitan see of Connacht, extends, roughly speaking, from the Shan- non westwards to the sea, and comprises half of County Galway, and nearly half of Mayo, with a small portion of south Roscommon. It is territori- ally the largest diocese in Ireland, including in itself about one-fourteenth of the entire area of the coun- trv-. At the census of 1901 the Catholic population was 193,768; the entire non-Catholic population was only 4,194. There are several parishes in which all the inhabitaiits are Catholics. The mainland portion of the archdiocese is divided by a chain of lakes ex- tending from the citv of Galway to the Pontoon, near Foxford, Mayo. The largest of these lakes — Corrib, Mask, and Carra — form a magnificent .and continuous watercourse, but are not connected by navigable rivers
