VAN BUREN
207
VANCOUVER
Obituary Notice in Transactions of the Royal Society^ LVII
894-95), p. xx; Kemna, P. J. ran Beneden, La vie el t'auvre
un zoologisle (Antwerp, 1897).
B. C. A. WiNDLE.
Van Buren, William IIcjme, distinguished Anirri- in surgeon, 1). at I'liihidclphia. "> April, 1819; d. at ew York, 'Id March, 1SS3. His grandfathor was braham Van Buren, a son of John Heuron, a pupil of oerhaave who emigrated to New York from Beuren, >ar Amsterdam, in 1700. Van Buren entered ale College in 1S.34. Before graduation he left to ,ke his medical education at the University of Penn- Ivania, finishing his studies before the legal age at liich a diijloma could be awarded him. He spent ine eighteen months in Paris and returned to receive s degree in medicine at the University of Pennsyl- inia in 1840, with a gi-aduation thesis on "The arch and Dextrin Bandage", the technic of which ' had learned in Paris. He entered the army, pass- g the highest competitive examination. In 1842 he arried the daughter of Dr. Valentine Mott, and
184.5 received the appointment as pro-sector to e medical department of the University of New ork under Dr. Mott. In 18.52 he became professor
anatomy and remained in that position until the irning of the college building in 1865. He at- mjited to reorganize the university medical school ter the fire, insisting on the erection of a building ■ar Bellevue Hosjjital. His plans, all adopted later, 'ing rejected, Dr. Van Buren resigned. In 1868 he ■came professor of surgery in the Belle\-ue Hospital edical College, a position which he retained until his tath. In 18.54 he translated from the French Orel's "Histolrjgy" and afterwards, Bernard and uette's "Operative Surgery". This latter work IS furnished by the United States Government to e army surg(>ons during the Civil War. President ncoln offered to make Van Buren surgeon general
the time oi the war, and on his refusal consulted m with regard to the appointment. In 1865 he iblished "Contributions to Practical Surgery", in 170 "Lectures on Diseases of the Rectum", and in
- 74 in conjunction with Dr. Edward L. Keyes, a
xt-book on genito-urinary surgery. His contribu- jns to medical periodical literature were frequent. p became a Catholic early in his medical career and ed in the profession of the Faith. He was con- Iting surgeon to many of the prominent New Y'ork ty ho.s[)itals, and had been president of the Patho- ^ical Society, \ice-president of the New York 'ademy of ^iedicine, and corresponding member of e Societe de Chirurgie of Paris, an honour that had en conferred on only one American before him. Kete9, New York Academy of Medicine Memorial Address in
Y. Med. Journal, XXXVII (1883); Smith. Surgery of New iri-. Mid-nineteenth century in N. Y. Med. Record (Jul.v 2, 1910).
James J. Walsh.
Vancouver, .Vrchdiocese of (Vancouverien- <l, includes that part of the mainland of the Prov-
- 'e of British Columbia south of 54° N. lat. and west
the Straits of Georgia, together with the Queen larlotte Islands. It comprises about 1.50,000 squ.are lies. The first resident of what is now British Co- inbia was a Catholic and so were the great explorers, mon Fraser and his lieutenant, J. M. Quesnel. The merous Cathohcs in the .service of the Hudson Bay )mpany gave the natives their first ideas of Chris- inity. Later on, Father De Smet visited the Koo- nays. In 1842 Father Demers had made an exten- 'e trip through the inland lakes, visiting in turn the ianagans, the Shuswaps, and the Carriers. In 43 this district was included in the Vicariate Apos- lic of Columbia, under Ht. Rev. k. Blanchet, titu- •y. Three years later a .lesuit. Father Nobili, went
far north as Babine Lake. In 1847 Rt. Rev. M. ?mers. Bishop of V.ancouver Island, called the ()b-
- ea of Mary Immaculate, already working in Ore-
gon, to the mainland of British Columbia. These
missionaries founded a mi.ssion in Okanagan in 18.59.
.\bout this time, immediately after the discovery of
gold in the Cariboo district, the city of New West-
minster was founded on the estuary of the Fraser, and
here the Oblates organized a central mission in 1860,
followed by St. Mary's Mission, 60 miles inland, in
1863, from which they evangelized the lower Fraser
Indians and the Sechelts and the Squamish of the
coast.
Father L. J. D'Herboniez, O. M. I., was conse- crated Bishop of Melitopolis, 9 October, 1864, and appointed to the Vicariate .'\postohc of British Colum- bia which included the mainland from 49° to 60° N. lat. In 1867 he established a mi.ssion 300 miles north of New Westminster at Williams's Lake, for twenty- two reserves of Shu.swap, Chilcotin, and Carrier In- dians, and in 1873 another mis.sion, 600 miles north, at Stuart's Lake, for thirteen villages of Babines, Se- kanais, Nahanais, and Skeenas. In 1876 the Koo- tenay mission at the foot of the Rockies was founded for thirteen bands of Kootenays and Okanagan, and in 1878, Kamloops Mission, 2.50 miles east of New Westminster, was estabhshed for twelve villages of Nicolas, Shuswaps, and Thompsons. To meet the needs of the influx of eastern Canadians, Americans, and British, a pro-cathedral was built in 1861 at New Westminster, a college in 1866, a ho.spital in charge of the Sisters of Providence, and an academy for girls in charge of the Sisters of St. Ann. In twenty-five years Bishop D'Herboniez, assisted by pioneer Oblates, mostly from France, completed the conversion of all the tribes of the coast and interior, built chapels for each band, and estabhshed three in- dustrial schools.
At the death of Bishop D'Herbomez, 3 June, 1890, Rt. Rev. Paul Durieu, O.M.I., who had been appointed Bishop of Marcopolis and coadjutor, 24 October, 1875, took charge. The vicariate was made the Diocese of New Westminster by a Brief of Leo XIII, dated 2 September, 1890. The regime of Bishop Durieu was characterized by a rare insight and Apostolic gifts; his strict discipline enabled the Indian tribes to resist the contaminating influence of the invading logger and miner, to a degree that makes their annals reminiscent of the early ages of the Faith. In the nine years of his episcopate, churches were built in the mining districts at Fernie, Cranbrook, Greenwood, Nelson, Revelstoke, Sandon, Rossland, and also at Vernon, Lumby, and Kelowna. In 1887 he erected a church, a hosjiital in charge of the Sisters of Providence, and St. Ann's Academy, in the growing railroad- terminal city of Vancouver. Father Augustin Dontenwill, O.M.I., b. at Bish- willer, .Strasbourg, 4 June, 1857, ordained .30 May, 1885, professor in the Faculty of Arts at the Univer- sity of Ottawa, was appointed Bishop of Germani- copohs and cx)adjutor, 22 Aug., 1897, succeeding to the see, 1 June, 1899. He carried on the work of his predeces.sor, giving special attention to educational needs, and estabhshed a Catholic weekly, a Children's ,\id Society, an orphanage in charge of the Sisters of Providence, an academy at Nelson, and ho.spitals at (Jreenwood and Rossland in charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace. He also erected a monumental church at Vancouver and three parish churches in the suburbs.
On 25 June, 1903, a separate ecclesiastical province was formed in British Columbia, with Victoria as metropolitan see, and Most Rev. Bertram Orth was consecrated Archbishop of Victoria. By a Brief, dated 7 Sept., 1908, that part of the diocese north of 54° N. lat., exclusive of the Queen Charlotte Islands, was added to the Yukon Vicariate, and Bishop Dontenwill was appointed first Archbishop of Vanco\iver, Victoria reverting to the status of suffra- gan diocese. On 20 Sept., 1908, he was elected
