ADVOCATES 14 APGHANISTAH
could get no information from the ministerB, and litigant or by the judge, and his appointment must this branch of the Adventiste accordingly was be noted in the record of the case; he may be dis- dropped from the aforesaid report for 1916. missed from the suit by his client, who, however,
II. Advent Chbibtianb.— In 1916 this body re- has to notify his adversaiy and the judge, if the ported 418 churches (a decrease of 10 from 1906), case has begun. If one of the parties in a suit is 30,597 members, and 287 ministers engaged in pas- poor- the judge must appoint an advocate from toral work. In the foreign field 12 stations are amongst those authorized to practice before him occupied (1916), in addition to some out-stations, to take up his case gratuitously, and he can oompel in India, China, and Japan. They reported in the advocate to do so under penalty of suapesmuMk 1916, 20 American missionaries, 10 churches with from ofSce.
889 members; 11 schools with 433 scholars; 1 hos- Advocates possessinff more rigorous qualificatMoa pital; 1 orphanage with 80 inmates. than those mentioned above are required also m
III. Seventh I^AT Aoventists. — ^This demonina- causes of beatification and canonisation; they rmmt tion reported at the end of 1916, throughout the be doctors of canon law or at least licentiates cf world, a membership of 141,488 with 3,967 churches, theology; they must have been trained under advnO' 1|678 ministers and 113 organized mission fields. In cates of the Congre|^tion of Rites or by the genenA the United States the membership was 79,355, or- sub-promoter of faith, and, in addition they must* ganizations 2,011, churches 1,231, ministers 5S2. At have been officially admitted as advocates of the the close of 1916 organized work was carried on Rota. '
outside the United States in 249 mission stations Adyocatas of 8t. Peter (cf C E I-168a) —The
and 353 sub^ations, in 92 countries, by a working corporation of the Advocates' of' St? Peter, canoni-
^u"^x^2S?^^°5 ^^^ American missionanes, and cally instituted at Rome in 1878 to defend and pro-
about 2W) native helpers. «, . , . ^. mote the interests of the Church and the Apostolic
IV. The Church op GoD.--Thi8 denomination See, was abolished by the motu proprio "Id praclaro reported m 1916, 848 members and 46 ministers, temper" of Pius X on 26 May, 1909.
and 8 church edifices. ^ •" • .
V. Churches op God in Christ Jesus.— In 1888 , Afflnlty (cf. C. E., I-178b)r-Affinity. in canon various organizations, such as the Age-to-Come **^» " ^^^ ^ relationship ansmg exclusively from Adventists, Church of God, Restitution Churcl^ yaUd marriage, whether consummated or not; be- and some others, formed the association known as ^^ *?« promulgation of the Code it arose, on the "Churches of God in Christ Jesus." This organiza- o^'^^r nana» solely from intercourse, whether lawful tion is in general accord with the Adventist bodies, ^ illicit. From this it will be seen that the natiure though the term "Adventists" does not appear in ^' ^^^ relationship is quite changed. It exists only its title. In 1916 this body reported 87 organiza- between the man and the woman's blood relatives tions, 3,457 members, 62 church edifices, and 60 min- ^^ the one hand, and between the woman and the isters. man's blood relatives on the other; the hne and
Summary: H. K. Carroll's statistics for 1921 degree of relationship between the husband and
("Christian Herald," 7 March, 1921) listed for the ™ Wood relatives are those adopted in computing
five Adventist bodies, 1,665 ministers, 2,984 church ^^^!>»« a^^ degree of aflSnity between them and
edifices, and 134,725 members in the United States. *^e woman, and vice versa. Aflfimty is a diriment
RelioiouM Bodiet. 1006 (Washington. D. C, 1909); JUtigunu impediment to marriage to any degree in the direct
Bodiea, 1018 (Waahincton. D. C., 1919); Year Book of the line, but m the collateral line it annuls mamages
Churehet, loto (New York, 1920). v A iw ^^^ ^° *^® second degree inclusively, whereas for-
N. A. Web^. merly it invalidated tnem in the third or fourth
Adyocatas (cf. C. E., I-167d)j— In criminal suits degrees also; affinity in the second degree of the in the ecclesiaiatical courts an accused party should coUateral line is a minor impediment. The impedi- always have an advocate either chosen by himself pent of affinity is multiplied as often as the or appointed by the judge; so, too, in contentious impediment of consai^inity from which it pro- cases when minors or the public welfare are in- ceeds is multiplied, and also by successive mamage volved, if either the plaintiff or the defendant has with a deceased roouse's blood relatives. It may none, the judge rfiould appoint one, and, should he noted that the law of England invalidating mar- circumstances so require, he may appoint an addi- riage with one's deceased wife's sister was repealed tional advocate for either side. In any other case hy the Parliament in 1907. . , ^. ^ _. ^^ a party may dispense with the services of an advo- »""■ '" ^^«^ ^^" ^^ (Pliil«ieft>bi»). 89e-i0l. cate, imless the judge deems it necessary for him Afghanistan, a monarchy in central Asia, between to have one. The same person may appear in a parallels 29* and 38" 28' north latitude and 61" and suit both as advocate and procurator. An advocate 72* east latitude, with a narrow strip running to should be a man of Kood repute, not under twenty- 75* east longitude, bounded on the west by Persia, one years of age, a doctor or at least an expert in on the east by tribal districts under the government canon law: unless in exceptional circumstances or of India, on the north by Russian territory and in case of necessity he must be a Catholic. A Bokhara, and on the south by British Baluchistan, religious may act as an advocate with leave of his The extreme breadth of Afghanistan from northeast superior but that is allowable only if his order is to southwest is about 700 miles; its length from the involved in the suit and if his constitutions do not Her&t frontier to the Khyber Pass, about 600 miles; forbid him to undertake such a task. To be recog- the area is about 245,000 square miles. There are nized officially as an advocate in a suit, a party five larger and two smaller provinces, in addition to requires the approbation of the ordinary, or of a the province of K&bul, each under a governor and papal delegate when the latter is acting as judge, each possessing its own army. The population is if the suit is between members or provinces of the about 6,300,000. The majority are Lranian-Aryan sapie eyempt clerical order, or between monasteries Tadjiks, who inhabit the settlements and large of the same oongr^ation, the advocate must be towns, the Mongolian Hazaraks, who roam the chosen from the order and must be approved by mountainous central regions of the country, and the the judge; in any other case a religious of a dif- Turkomans and Uzbegs of northern Afghanistan, ferent order may be appointed. Before acting as The real Afghans, or Pahtos (Pathans) as they call suob 9iU advocate must be commissioned by a themselves, live in the high ranges stretching from
