BORGIA
685
B0R60GN0NE
demanded. The Jesuits were introduced into the
diocese by him. He resigned the see 16 April, ISSS,
and spent his last days in retirement, having received
the titular see of Phacusites.
Reuss, Btoff. Encycl. of the Cath. Hierarchy of the U. S. (Milwaukee, 1S98); The Michigan Catholic (Detroit) contem- poraneous files.
Thomas F. Meehan.
Borgia, Saint Francis. See Francis Borgia, St.
Borgia, C'.es.vr. See Alexander VI.
Borgia, Lucrezia. See Alexander VI.
Borgia, Stefano, Cardinal, b. at Velletri, 3 De- cember, 1731; d. at Lyons, 1S04; Italian theologian, antiquarian, and historian. He belonged to a well- known family of Velletri, not to be confounded ■nnth the Spanish Borgias or Borjas. His early education was controlled by his uncle Alessandro (1682-1764), Archbishop of Fermo. From his youth, Stefano Borgia manifested a great aptitude for historical research, but his dominant trait was his extraordinary taste for relics of ancient civiliza- tions, a line in which he succeeded so well that, at the age of nineteen, he was received into the Academy of Cortona. He founded a museum at Velletri, in which, during his whole life, he gathered coins and manuscripts, especially Coptic, and which may be considered as his greatest undertaking and achieve- ment. Such was his passion for antiquities that he is knoma to have sold his jewels and precious earthenware in order to secure the coveted treasures and have the description of them printed. In his scientific career Borgia showed great disinterested- ness, placing his collection at the disposal of learned men, regardless of creed and country, and giving them all possible encouragement and support. His amiable temperament and broad-minded character attracted to him all those with whom he came in contact; Paolino da S. Bartolomeo, Adler, Zoega, Heeren, and many others were among his enthusi- astic friends.
Borgia was not left, however, entirely to his chosen field of activity, but was called to fill several im- portant political positions. Benedict XIV appointed him Governor of Benevento, and Borgia showed there great administrative talent. In 1770 he was made secretary of the Congregation de Propaganda Fide, an office of which he naturally took advantage to acquire antiquities by the help of the missionaries, a help, be it said to their credit, which proved always forthcoming. He was made a cardinal in 1789. In the troubled period of the French invasion Borgia was given charge of Rome by Pius VI (1797-98). After the proclamation of the Republic, he was arrested (1798), but quickly released, whereupon he immediately resumed his studies and work of collecting; soon afterwards he joined Pius VI at Valencia, and endeavoured to have this pontiff send to Asia and Africa a body of missionaries who would preach the Gospel and gather various monu- ments.
Cardinal Borgia was of the greatest service to Pope Pius VII in the reorganization of the Pontifical States. In 1801 he was made Rector of the Collegium Romanum, and he was in the retinue of Pius VII when this pontiff went to France to crown the new emperor. Napoleon. Having arrived at Lyons, Cardinal Borgia was taken ill and died. After his death his cdllcction of Coptic MSS. was divided: the non-Biblical .\1SS. were taken to Naples and placed in the Biblioteca Borbonica, now the Biblioteca Nazionale; and the Biblical MSS., excepting a few which were taken to Naples by mistake, given to the Propaganda, together with the collection of coins and monuments, forming the Museo Borgiano. (Cf. Ciiisca, Fragmenta Copto-Sahidica, I, p. xvii.) Only a few years ago the MSS. of the Museo Borgiano
were transferred to the Vatican library, where they
are to be found to-day. Before the partition of the
MSS. was made the eminent scholar and convert,
Zoega, wrote a complete and accurate description
of them in his posthumous work "Catalogus Codicum
Copticorum manu scriptorum qui in Museo Borgiano
Velitris adservantur " (Rome, 1810). Besides the
many services which Cardinal Borgia rendered to
science and scientists, he published several works
bearing especially on historical topics: "Monumento
di papa Giovanni XVI" (Rome, 1750); "Breve
istoria dell' antica citta di Tadino" (ibid., 1751);
"Memorie storiche della citta di Benevento" (ibid.,
1763-69); "Vaticana confessio B. Petri chronologicis
testimoniis illustrata" (ibid., 1776); "De Cruce
Vaticana" (ibid., 1779); "De Cruce Veliterna"
(ibid., 1780); "Istoria del dominio temporale della
Sede Apostolica nelle Due-Sicilie" (ibid., 1788).
P.lOLlNO DA S. B.\RTOLOMEO. Vita Synopsis Steph. Borgiie (Rome, 1805); Cancellieri, Elogio del Card. Stefano Borgia (Rome, 1806).
R. BUTIN.
Borgianus Codex. See Mss. of the Bible.
Borgognone, Ambrogio, real name Ambrogio Stefaxi da Fussano, a distinguished Italian painter and architect, b. Milan, c. 1455; d. at Milan, 1523. The name Borgognone is variously accounted for. By some authorities it is attributed to some Flemish characteristics in his art, and by others to the fact that some of his ancestors had lived in Flanders, then known to the Italians as Bor- gogna. It is sup- posed that he studied wHth Vin- cenzo Foppa, with Zenale, and with Buttinone, but there is little known of the dc- tails of his career. The earliest work credited to him is the facade of the Carthusian con- vent or Certosa near Pa\'ia. Tin stalls and other woodwork in tlir choir were carved from the designs of Borgognone. who painted there, among othi]- works, an altar piece of the Cruci fixion. Great re- finement and deep religious feeling mark his work, which is likewise
notable for its beautiful celestial and mundane type=. On his return to Milan he went to work in the church of San Satiro, and his productions appeared, among other churches, at Sant' Ambrogio, San Simpliciano, and Sant' Agostino. At San Simpliciano he painted scenes, since lost, from the story of St. Sisinius. He worked also at I^odi in the church of the Incoronata and did an altar piece for San Satiro at Bergamo.
Borgognone painted in tempera and also in oil in the style of t(>mijera and in fresco. His early work lacked freedom, but later he fell under the beneficent influence of Leonardo da Vinci. Among
