CAESARIUS
138
CJESARIUS
trophe, while the tliird book, which was added ten
years later (1237), recounts the miracles wrought
through the relics of the archbishop after his death.
Since the biography was begun immediately after the
death of Engelbert, the author did not fully compre-
hend what fatal effects the murder of the best and
most trusted adviser of the young King Henry was to
have upon the future liistory of Germany; but in
depicting the character of his hero, and in narrating
the particulars of the foul deed, Cajsarius shows him-
self a master. There is scarcely another biography
of the Middle Ages so artistically executed and so
thoroughly reliable. It was printed by Surius in the
"Acta Sanctorum", 7 November (1st ed. 1574; 2d
ed., Cologne, 1617); by Gelenius (Cologne, 1633);
finally, with the omission of the third book, by
Bohmer in his " Fontes Rerum Germanicarum "
(Stuttgart, 1843-68), II, 294-329. A good German
translation was brought out by Bethany (Elberfeld,
1898). Caesarius also wrote a biography (the oldest
extant) of St. Elizabeth of Hungary, which, however,
lias never been printed, with the exception of a few
fragments published by Montalembert, in "Sainte
Elisabeth" (Paris, 1903). and by Bonier, in "Neues
Archi v der Gesellschaft ftir altere deutsche Geschichts-
kunde" (Hanover, 1888), 503-506. It is merely a
recasting of the "Libellus de dictis quatuor ancil-
larum", which was published by Mencken (Scr. rer.
Germ., II, 2007 sqq). Another historical work of
Ccesarius is the "Catalogus archiepiscoporum Coloni-
ensium", a list of the Archbishops of Cologne between
the years 94-123S. with important biographical data
and concise but valuable reflections on the history of
the times. Up to the accession of Philip of Heims-
berg (1167) it is based on an older chronicle, but the
rest is the original work of Caesarius. It was pub-
lished by Bohmer, op. cit.. II. 271-2S2, and by Car-
dauns in "Mon. Germ. Hist : Script.", XXIV, 332-47.
When still quite young, Caesarius began to write
sermons, most of which have been collected and pub-
lished by Coppenstein: "Homilise sive fasciculus
moralitatum" (Cologne, 161.5). These sermons,
though inferior in thought and style to the oratorical
masterpieces of his great Franciscan contemporary,
Bert hold of Regensburg, were highly esteemed on
account of their practical character and their suita-
bility to the conditions of his hearers.
Kaufmann, Cawarius von Heisterbach (2d ed., Cologne, 1862); Schonbach in Sitzunijsberichte der k. Akademic der '■V > , n^chaften. No. 144 (Vienna, 1902); Meister, Die Frag- ment? der Libri VIII miraculorum des Casarius von Heisterbach in IS. Supplement-Heft zur Romischen Quartalschrift (Rome, 1901); Poncelkt, Note sur les Libri VIII miraculorum in Analeeta Bollandiana (Brussels. 1902); Hauck, Kirchengesch. Deutschlands (Leipzig. 1903), IV. 454 sqq.; Wattenbach, Deutechlanda Geecnichtsguetlen (Stuttgart, 1904); Cardauns in Allg. d. Biogr., s. v. (Leipzig. 1875); 1'NKKi.in Anna' l<n <l<s hist. Ven/n.s fur den Niederrhein, No. 34 (Cologne, 1879), 1-67; Hofer, Aid., No. 65 (Cologne, 1S98), 237 sqq.; Kessel in Kirchenlex., s. v.
Michael Ott.
Caesarius of Nazianzus, Saint, physician, younger ami only brother of Gregory of Nazianzus, b. prob- ably c. 330 at Arianzus, near Nazianzus; d. at the end of 36S or the beginning of 369. He received a careful training from his saintly mother Nonna and his father Gregory, Bishop of Nazianzus. He studied prob- ably at Caesarea in Cappadocia, and then at the cele- brated schools of Alexandria. Here his favourite studies were geometry, astronomy, and especially medicine. In the last-named science he surpassed all his fellow- students. About 355 he came to Constantinople, and had already acquired a great reputation for his medi- cal skill, when his brother Gregory, homeward hound
from Athens, appeared there about 358. Caesarius
sacrificed a remunerative and honourable post and returned to his parents with Gregory. The capital, however, soon proved to be too great an attraction for him; we find him occupying an exalted position as
physician at the court of Constantius and, much to
the regret of his family, at that of Julian the Apostate.
Julian failed in his efforts to win him over to Pagan-
ism. Caesarius, more appreciative of his faith than
of imperial favour, ultimately left the court, but re-
turned to Constantinople after Julian's death. Under
the Emperor Valens he became quaestor of Bithynia.
His remarkable escape from the earthquake which
shook Nicaea (11 October, 368) induced him to heed
the insistent appeals of his brother and St. Basil, who
urged him to leave the world. He was suddenly
seized with a fatal illness, shortly after having re-
ceived baptism, which he, like many others at the
period, had deferred until late in life. He was un-
married, and directed that all his goods should be dis-
tributed to the poor, an injunction which his servants
abused in their own interests. His remains were in-
terred at Nazianzus, where his brother pronounced
the funeral oration in the presence of his parents.
The admission of the identity of this Caesarius with his namesake, the Prefect of Constantinople, who, in 365, was thrown into prison by Procopius, rests on an assumption of James Godefroy, the editor of the Theodosian Code (Lyons, 1665), and not on any solid historical ground. The four "Dialogues" of one hundred and ninety-seven questions and answers which go under his name, and are to be found in Migne, P. G., XXXVIII, S51-1190, can hardly be from his pen, owing to their nature, contents, and anachronisms. To-day they are generally looked upon as spurious.
Greg. Naz. in P. G.. XXXV, 751-88; Birrs and Cazenove in Diet I'hnst. Biog., s. v.; Bardenhewer, Patrologie (Frei- burg. 1901), 257; Verschaffel in Diet, de theol. bath. (Paris, 1905 i. II, 2185-86.
X. A. Weber.
Caesarius of Priim, Abbot of the Benedictine
monastery, near Trier, afterwards a Cistercian monk
at Heisterbach near Bonn, born of the noble family of
Milendonk, and lived in the latter half of the twelfth
and in the first halt of the thirteenth century. At the
beginning of the thirteenth century he entered the
monastery of Pram, where in 1212 he was elected
abbot, to succeed Gerard of Vianden. Prum was
then one of the richest monasteries in Europe, with
large estates scattered over Germany, France, and the
Netherlands. Many of the monks were noblemen
who had entered the monastery in order to live a life
of comfort. Their example began to undermine the
monastic simplicity and discipline, without which no
monastery can prosper for any length of time. After
ruling five years Caesarius, probably because he de-
sired to lead a more perfect life than he could as
abbot of a rich and undisciplined monastery, re-
signed his abbatial dignity and became a humble
monk at the flourishing Cistercian monastery of
Heisterbach. Upon the request of Abbot Kuno of
Prtim he wrote, in 1222, a commentary on the
"Registrum Bonorum" or "Register of the Estates
of Prum", which had been drawn up by an unknown
monk in S93. This commentary has become an im-
portant source for the history of law and civilization
during the thirteenth century. The "Register",
together with the commentary of ( 'a sarins, was pub-
lished by Leibniz in his "Coileetanca Ktymologica"
(Hanover, 1717), II, 409 sqq., and by Hontheim in
his "Historia Trevirensis" (Augsburg, 1750), I. 661
sqq. The latest and best edition, made from the
original manuscript of Caesarius, which is preserved
in the royal archives at Berlin, was brought out by
Ileinrich Beyer in " Urkundenbuch zur Geschichteder
mittelrheinischen Territ orien " (Coblenz, I860), I, 112-201. Schonbach in " Sitzungsberichte der k. Akademic der Wisscnschafl en " (Vienna, 1902) after careful researches ascribes to (Vsarius of Milendonk the important historical work "De Wbatibus Prumi-
