HUYSMANS
591
HYACINTHA
advent of these foreign professors very much. The
bishop then sent him to Louvain in 1836, where he
studied till he was recalled to Prior Park in 1S39 by
Bishop Baines to replace Father Furlong (who had
just joined the Order of Charity) as President of St.
Peter's College. Hutton was ordained priest 24 Sep-
tember, 1839, and appointed president, and professor
of Latin and Greek.
In 1841 he decided to give up his professorial career in order to enter the Order of Charity. In July, he was admitted to its novitiate at Loughborough, Leices- tershire; but Bishop Baines strongly objected to this, deposed him from the presidency of St. Peter's, and ordered him to return to Prior Park as an ordinary professor. For a short period he complied with the bishop's commands, but in 1S42 he suddenly left the college, in company with Father Furlong, ana went to Italy, where they were hospitably received by Ros- mini, the founder of the Institute of Charity. He completed his interrupted novitiate there, and made his vows 31 July, 1843. In 1844 he was appointed rector of the new college of the order at Ratcliffe-on- Wreake, Leicestershire. He next did some parochial work at Newport, Monmouthshire, and Whitwick, near Leicester. He then went to Shepshed, Leicester- shire, as rector of the mission and master of the noviti- ate of Ratcliffe, which had l)een removed thither. In 1850 it was again transferrer! to Ratcliffe, and Hutton was then made vice-president of the college, and presi- dent in 1851. In addition to this he was appointed rector of the religious community in 1857.
Hutton was a strict disciplinarian, a sound theolo- gian and classical scholar, a good mathematician, and an able preacher. During his administration, the students at Ratcliffe increased in numbers, and the buildings were greatly enlarged. He left in MS. trans- lations of the principal Greek and Latin authors read at Ratcliffe, with copious notes, and many refer- ences to German critics. These are preserved at Ratcliffe.
GiLLow, Bibl. Diet. Eng. Calli., a. v. : Hirst, Brief Memoir of Father Hutton (Market Weighton, 1S86) ; The Tablet. LVI, 304- 7, 339; Shepherd, Reminiscences of Prior Park.
C. F. Wemyss Brown.
Huysmans, Joris Kael, a French novelist; b. in Paris, 5 February, 1848; d. 12 May, 1907. He studied at the Lycee Saint-Louis. At the age of twenty, he obtained a post in the Ministry of the In- terior and remained there until 1897, except during the Franco-Prussian war, when he served under the flag. His loyal services won him the esteem of his superiors and the cross of the Legion of Honour. For thirty years he carried on the double duties of his administrative position and his literary profession. He was one of the ten foimders of the Goncourt Acad- emy, to the presidency of which he was elected in 1900. His first books, which must be mentioned here, belonged to the most realistic school of literature and professed to show all that is most base and vile in humanity. In 1895 he went to spend a week at the Trappist monastery of Issigny and was there deeply impressed by the monastic life. "En Route" (1895) shows the change that then took place in his life. Not long after he made open profession of Catholicism, and, having resigned his post in the Ministry of the Interior, retired to Liguge and took up his abode in a house near the Benedictine monastery. After the expulsion of the monks, he returned to Paris, where he died in 1907. During the last twelve years of his life he fought indefatigably for his faith, whose sincerity is proved by his works. He wrote: " L'Oblat" (1903) ; "DeTout" (1901); "Sainte Lydwine de Schiedam" (1899); "La Bievre et Saint Severin" (1898); "La Cath^drale" (1898); "Les Foules de Lourdes" (1905), a reply to Zola's famous novel ; "Trois Eglises et Trois Priniitifs" (1904). He was deeply interested in the religious art of the Middle Ages and displayed a great
fondness for mysticism. Both before and after his
conversion he was a realist. All his art consisted in
rendering clearly details that he had seen and noted
down. His pictures of poor people, his sketches of old
Paris and particularly of Bievre, as well as his descrip-
tions of big crowds and scenes at Lourdes, are most
vivid and picturesque. Of Dutch origin, he shows in
his works the temperament of a great colourist and
suggests the paintings by Rembrandt and Rubens.
Never did a man have clearer power of vision and
never did one take more pleasure in looking and in
seeing. One may therefore understand the torture
that he felt when during the last days of his life he
was afflicted with an affection of the eyes and it be-
came necessary to sew his eyelids shut. In his piety
he believed that these eyes, with which he had seen
so many beautiful things and through which he had
received so much pleasure, were taken from him by
way of enforcing penitence.
Pellissier, Mouvement litteraire contemvorain (Paris, 1901); .\. Brisson. Portraits intimes, III. IV (Paris, 1901); Peine hehdomadaire (.\pril and May, Paris, 1908): DU Bourg, Huys- mans intime (1908); The Messenger (New York).
Louis N. Delamarhe.
Hyacinth, Saint, Dominican, called the Apostle of the North, son of Eustachius Konski of the noble family of Odrowacz; b. 1185 at the castle of Lanka, at Kamin, in Silesia, Poland (now Prussia); d. 15 Aug., 1257, at Cracow. Feast, 16 Aug. A near relative of Saint Ceslaus, he made his studies at Cracow, Prague, and Bologna, and at the latter place merited the title of Doctor of Law and Divinity. On his return to Poland he was given a prebend at Sandomir. He subse- quently accompanied his uncle Ivo Konski, the Bishop of Cracow, to Rome, where he met St. Dominic, and was one of the first to receive at his hands (at Santa Sabina, 1220) the habit of the newly established Order of Friars Preachers. After his novitiate he made his religious profession, and was made superior of the little band of missionaries sent to Poland to preach. On the way he was able to establish a convent of his order at Fricsach in Carinthia. In Poland the new preachers were favourably received and their sermons were producti\'e of much good. Hyacinth founded communities at Sandomir, Cracow, and at Plocko on the Vistula in Moravia. He extended his missionary work through Prussia, Pomerania, and Lithuania; then crossing the Baltic Sea he preached in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. He came into Lower or Red Russia, establishing a community at Lemberg and at Haletz on the Mester; proceeded into Muscovy, founded a convent at Dieff, and came as far as the shores of the Black Sea. He then returned to Cra- cow, which he had made the centre of his operations. On the morning of 15 August he attended Matins and Mass, received the last sacraments, and died a saintly death. God glorified His servant by numberless miracles, the record of which fills many folio pages of the Acta SS., Aug., Ill, 309. He was canonized by Pope Clement Vlll in L594. A portion of his relics is at the Dominican church in Paris.
Butler, Lives of the Saints; Knopfler in Kirchenlex.; Heimbucher, Die Orden u. Kongreg., II (Paderbom. 1907), 110, 154: Bertolotti. Vita di S. Giacinto (Monza, 1903): Le~ bensbeschr. der Heil. und Sel. des Dominikanerordens (Diilmen, 1903); Flavigny, h. el ses covipagnons (Paris, 1899).
Francis Mershman.
Hyacintha Mariscotti, Saint, a religious of the Third Order of St. Francis and foundress of the Sac- coni; b. 1585 of a noble family at Vignanello, near Viterbo in Italy; d. 30 January, 1640, at Viterbo' feast, 30 January; in Rome, 6 February (Diarium Rovianum) . Her parents were Marc' Antonio Mari- scotti (Marius Scotus) and Ottavia Orsini. At bap- tism she received the name Clarice and in early youth was remarkable for piety, but, as she grew older, she became frivolous, and showed a worldly disposition,
