LIMOXS 146 LE MEBOISR
Pnemysl as suffragans. The Diocese of Kulm was de- obliged to submit to the authority of the Latin bish-
pendent on I^emberg until 1837, when it was made im- ops. Until the nineteenth century the popes had the
mediately subject to the Holy See until its suppression direct nomination to this archbishopric; and the kings
by Russia. In its place another suffragan diocese, that of Poland only granted the exequatur. By a Brief of
of Stanislaov, was given to Lemberg in 1856. The 20 September, 1819, Pius VII conceded to the new
£m)x^ror of Austria obtained from Rome the right to sovereign, the Emperor of Austria, the choice of an
nominate the metropolitan and his suffragans, while archbishop from three candidates presented by the
the metropolitan was authorized to confirm their Armenian clergy of Lemlx?rg. The present archdio-
nomination and to consecrate them, as had formerly cese numbers 4000 faithful, 20 priests, 9 churches, 13
been granted to the Metropolit-an of Kiev by Clement chapels, and 10 parishes. There is no seminary, the
VIII. The Habsburg monarchy has seriously taken clergy being prepared in the Latin seminary. There
up the task of developing education among the clergy, are two houses for the education of poor orphans,
and of putting them upon the same footing as the Latm Besides the CathoUc, there are about 800 schismatic
clergy by giving them the same political rights, and Armenians,
lastly of teachmg the Ruthenian language in the „ NEHiiRin/:m:/Mw7«..8.v; .LE^uIBN,Orirn«C
ai»hr^]a a. nninf os fy^ wKinh ihn Prklou ko/l ni>A^'/\iia1v EuBEL, Hurarchta cath. medit avt, I (M..nstcr, 1898), 308; II,
scnooi8--a pomt as to which the l oles hacl previously j^. q^^^ ^^^^^ epUcoporum Ecd. cath. (Ratisbon). 351 ; «up-
cared little. Between the Poles and Ruthenians, in- pi«n.. Ixxxlii; Mvinonet catholica (Rome, 1907). 760. 790;
deed, there has always existed a certain hostility, Hahawbvicx. ^nfm/«a Eecletia rutkena (LembeiK, 1862);
which, during the nineteenth century, resulted in vio- Maeko^ttch. Gh Slavx ed x Papx, I (Agmm). 16^73.
lent controversies, and eventually, in 1862, necessi- *
States, at Car- Vom a gether witran ex(^ivrSe"tion for"RiJ^k""ThJI^ ?m1^*'"*i* preailier he Wame a Catholic on 21 April they have sho^-n an inclination to return to the primil ^^'.^'^ ?? f'^-V.^oJ'"?* '^a?il^°P ^'"'*"' ** tive Gncco-SIavic Rite, and to suppress the moJlifica- Ratisbon on 11 Aprd, 1826. In 1834 he came as mo- tions which in former times had Wn-wrongly per- 8io°ary *« the Lnitcd btates ami "fter bemg stationed
haps-introduced into the Liturgy, but which, Vthe * ^^""^ *""« "*■ ^^?^y7?'^}^ ^"7 ' ^^'^'P^"".' ***
miiKUof the people, have now become to a certain ex- ?"?,.f P* "f assistant to the age<l and mfirm Pnnce
tent identified with Catholicism. Hence continual r«- GaHitzm at Loretto, Penns.vlvania. Hs took up his
ligious troubles have ari.scn, and indeed numerous •"^'dence m the neighbouring town of W>cnsf)urg,
difectionfi. The reform of the Basilian monks inau- 1^?* ^>f^}> f*^H'^ *° a portion of father (.allit-
gumtcd by Leo XIII has in part remedied these fatal ^ sJ'stnct, about fifty miles m cxt<;nt. In 18.% he
tendencies, which, however, are still the chief danger ^""e^'^ some land on which two y«irs later he Imd out
threatening the Uniat Catholics of this arehdiocesef f *°^? which m honour of the first Cathohc Bishop m
The Ruthenian arehdiocese comprises the districts ^KS"*** j^^'^^^^r^il*^ ^arrolltown. Ue suc-
ofLembei«,Stryj.Brze«anv,ZlocMW,andTamopol, ^^ ^^^^^^^^J^*-^" Gallitzin as pastor of
and numfere 1.400,000 faithful. There are 881 I«retto m 1840. Father Lcmcke w^s instrumental m
priests-21 religious, 26 celibate seculars, 148 wid- ^"^^"I *,° H'^ ^P**^^*?,"^ *^« ^^ BcnedictmM,
wers, and 687 Siarried. There is a chapte^ of 10 can- ^^er the leadership of Father Bomface ^\ immer, the
ons and a diocesan consistory of 23 members. The ^*«f« Arehabbot.of St. Amcent s, m Pennsylvania,
archdiocese is divided into 30 deaconcrics and 752 ^*^« If mcke himself joined the new BencdicUne
parishes. There are 749 churehes with, and 500 with- ^^»^^y "» 18=2. In ISoo he went as missionary
imt reBiHent, nriMt* »nd ."?« chftivla. Vhe aominarv *<> Kansas, and prepared the way forjhe fo^dation of
Jersey, the ro- >wn. He is the
.o.v./lx^il^^grwMro^thercleri^are'^u^t^'^^ «".t^°' "j ^ •«.« °f I^ince Gallitzin: "Leben und
Vienna and in the Ruthenian seminary at Rome. J?*^^^?,^^ Pnnzen Demetrius Augustm von Gal- The Basilian monks have 3 houses with 23 religious; T\^.,i^"w®*'":' ,S^';,^„ r i n<!B i.. a^ »/„„•-. the Basihan nuns, 2 houses with 68 religious; the (Notre Dame, Indiana, 1883), XIX, 41-45, 6<^-7i.8S-oi. no- Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary (founded in H3. 128-132. 141-143. Michael Ott. 1892), 6 houses with 39 religious.
Uniat Armenian ARCHnisHOPRic— As early as 1062 hb Mercier, Franj^ois, one of the early mission- there were Armenians settled at Kiev, in consequence aries of New France, b. at Paris, 4 October, 1604; d, of the various invasions and persecutions of Tatars, in the island of Martinique, 12 June, 1690. He Turks, and Greeks. Thence these exiles migrated to entered the Society of Jesus at Paris, 19 October, 1620. Lemlx»rg, Kamenets, and Lutzk. The Catholic arch- He taught in succession all the classes of grammar and diocese was founded in 1365, upon the union of the humanities in the Jesuit college of the capital, and. titular, Gregory, with Rome; the cathedral was built after completing his own philosophical and theological two years later. From 1492 to 1516 the see remained studies, was sent to Canada, where he arrived 20 July, vacant, after which it was occupied by schismatics until 1635, and with Father Pierre Pijart set out for the 24 Octol^er, 1630, when Nicholas Torosze^^icz took the Huron country the third day after landing at Quebec, oath of fidelity to Urban VIII. Since then the sue- reaching his destination on 13 August. He devoted cessionof archbishops has been regular (Gams. ** Scries himself to the work of the Huron mission for fifteen
for a brief absence at mission during the summer jeivcd the Huron name of
the two suffragan Bishoprics of Kamenets-Podolski ChaQosd, but vears after when among the Onondacas he
and Mohileff, which had been taken from him when went bv the froquoisnameTeharonhiagannra. I'^ther
they passed under Russian domination. In 1808 his Jean de Br^beuf, an exacting judge of what was re-
junsaiction was restricted to the territory of Galicia (quired of an Apostolic lalx)urer, wrote his i)anegyric
and Bukovina. Even the Armenian Catholics of in two words when he described him as "a ixjrfect
Transylvania, numbering 10,000, have been unable to missioner ". While in Huronia he was stationed from
obtain a bishop of their own rite or to become subject 1635 to 1637 at Ihonatiria, from 1637 to 1639 at
to the Armenian Archbishop of Lembeiig, and they are OBsossan^, from 1639 to 1640 at Ste-Marie I, again
