UBOHTOPOLIS 181 LSPANTO
monaatery there, was an enemy of Theodore of Moi> physites, hus Aristotellanisin marks an epoch in the
Buestia, but yet aid not desire the condemnation of the history of Christian philosophy. He has been de-
"Three Chapters", and died after 5o3 (op. cit., pp. scribed as the first of the Scholastics (Krumbacher*
4^72). Ehrhard, " Byzantinische Litteratur", p. 54).
The works ascribed to Leontius Byzantinus are: Works m P. C., LXXXVI; Jjwrs, Das Lel^ und die pole-
(1) three books Agamst the Nestonans and Eutych- ^^^^ Leontius von Byzam (Wuraburg, 1894) ;Juncjlah. leontius
Ums (commonly quoted as ^Contra Nestonanos et von Byzam (PaderBom, lOOO); Krumbacber, GeschichU der
EutychianosV, P. G., LXXXVI, 1267-1396). This byzantinischm LiUeratur (Munich 189;). 54-56; Bardbn-
is cirtainly authentii (in other words, the person "^^^' ^ "^'*^' • ®"^'^ ^^'^ a"S^^ F^^^ about whom they dispute is the author of thLs work).
It is his eariiest composition. Book I refutes the Leontopolis, a titular archiepiscopal see of Augus-
Oppodte heresies of Nestorius and Eutyches, and e»- tamnica Secunda. Strain) (XVII, 1, 19, 20) places it
tablishes the Faith of Chalcedon. Book II, in dia- near Mendete and DiospolLs, and savs (XVII, 1, 40)
logue form, refutes the heresy of the Aphthartodocetes that the inhabitants worshipped a lion, whence the
(mitigated Monophysites who made our Lord's human name of the town. In reality, the name comes, from
nature incorruptible during His hfe on earth— there- Horus. whoacconlingtoEgjptian mythology changed
fore not a true human nature) . Book III (the title of himself into a lion (Naville.'^'- Textes relat if s au mj'the
this book in Migne belongs really to Book II) accuses d'llonis ", XVIII, 2) . Ptolemy (IV, 5, 22) also men-
theNestorians of dishonest practices to make converts, tions the nome and the metropolis of Leontopolis.
and vehemently attacks Theodore of Mopsuestia. The The geographers Hierocles, George of Cyprus, and
whole work is full of well-selected quotations from the others call that locality Acon-cA, reserving the name of
Fathers, and shows great learning and controversial Leontopolis for a town in the province of iEg>T)ta Prima;
skill. All the other works have btH?n disput^'d, at similarly in the signatures of Vnshops collected by
least in their present form. (2) "Against the Mono- Le Quien (Oriens Christianus, II, 55,3) Leonto is al-
^ymtes" (*' Adv. Monophysitas", P. G., LXXXVI, wavs found. Leonto is the modern Tell Mokdam on
1709-1902), m two parts, but incomplete. Part 1 the right bank of the Nile (l)amietta branch), near
•igues philosophically from the idea of nature; part the railway from Cairo to Damietta which follows the
II quotes the witness of the Fathers, and refutes text« left bank of the river. At Tell Mokdam may be seen
alleged to favour Monophysitism. (3) "Against the the remains of a temple of Osorkon II. the other
Nestorians" (*' Adv. Nestorianos ", P. G., LXXXVI, Leontopolis was situateil near Ueliopolis or Mataryeh.
ia»9^1768)^meiphtbooks.of which the last is wa^^^^^ Here in the reign of Ptolemy Philometor, the Jewish
lest Onias built a temple to Jahveh, afterwards by Vespasian. Callinice in Syria was called
work " (Nirschl, op. cit., 555), explaining high priest Onias built a temple to Jahveh, afterwards
and defending all the issues against this heresv. Book closed by Vespasian. Callinice in Syria was called
title Theotokoa; book VII defends the Leontopolis, also a town in Isauria (Le Quien, " Oriens
of the Trinity suffered ". (4) '* Scho- Christianus ", II, 1021) not yet recognized. «t8" ("De Sectis", P. G., LXXXVI, » , / j ^, VailhI:.
TV defends the
fonnula: *'One
lia" or "Of Sects
119^-1268); ten chapters called "Acts" (irp<l^«f)
r. G., LXXXVI, 1915-46). A refutation of Mono- inated in the traditional building of a fleet there by
I>hy8iti8m in dialogue form. It supposes a Monophy- the Ileraclidae (Stralw), IX, iv, 7). The site must have
site work (otherwise unknown) whose order it follows. Ix^n chosen on account of the strong position of the
(6) "Thirty chapters against Severus" ("Triginta hill, the fertile plains of the neighbourhood, and the
capita", P. 0., LXXXVl, 1901-16), a short work many streams. Situated on the coast of Locris, it
with many parallels to the preceding one. (7) originally belonged to the Locri Ozola; but was subse-
"Against the frauds of the ApollinarLst** " (**Adv. quently taken by the Athenians, who in 455 b. c, after
fraiuies Apollinaristarum", P. G., LXXXVI, 1947- the Third Messenian War, established there the Mes-
76), a very important work, the beginning of the senian helots, the bitter enemies of Sparta (Pausanias,
diBCOveiy of the works of Apollinaris of Laodicea IV, xxv, 7;X, xxxviii, 10). After the battle of ^Egos-
which still occupies the minds of students. It is an potami (404 b. c), the Spartans captured Naupactus,
examination of certain works attributed to Athana- drove out the Messenians. and restored the town to the
flius, Gregory Thaumaturgus, and I'ope Julius, which Locri Ozolaj. Sul)sequently, it pa-sseil in turn to the
are declaireci to be really by Apollinaris, and fraudu- Acha»ans, the Thel)an8, andto Philip of Macedon, who
lentlv attributed to these Fathers by his followers, gave it to the ^Etolians; hence it was sometimes called
(8) ^Discussions of Sacred Things", by Leontius and the "City of the ^tolians" (Strabo, TX, iv, 7). For
John ("De^ rebus sacris", P. G., LXXXVI, 2017- two months Naupactus fiercely resisted the Romans,
2100). This is a recension of the second book of the who under M. Acilius Glabrio finally (191 b. c.) cap-
"SacniParallela" (collections of text^ of the P'at hers) tured the iovra. Pausanias (X, xxxviii, 1*2-13) saw
of which a version is also attributed to St. John Da^ there near the sea a temple of Poseidon, another of
Iiia8cene(c.760). (9) Two homilies by a priest Leon- Artemis, a cave dedicated to Aphrodite, ami the ruins
tius of Constantinople (P. G., LXXXVI, 1975-2004), of a temple of iEsculapius. During Jitstinian's reign eertainly another person. Of these works, (1) is eertainly genuine, (8) and (9) are certainly not. The
"De rebus sacris" was probably composed between _._ ,, , , ,
614 and 627. The Leontius of the title is a bishop of only ten of its Greek bishops, the first of whom took that name of Salamis in Cyprus. Of the others, Loofs part in the Council of Ei)hcsus (431), but our manu- thinks that (5) and (6) are fragments of a large work by script lists contain ninety-eight names. The metro- LeontiusByzantinus, called Scholia"; (2), (.3), and (4) politan See of Naupactus deixinded on the pojw, as ara later works founded on it. (7) is by another (un- Western Patriarch, until 733, when Leo III the Isau- known) author, written between 511 and 520. Ruga- rian annexed it to the Patriarchate of Constantinople, mer, on the other hand, defends the authenticity in In the early years of the tenth century it had eight suf- thelr present form of all these works, except (8) f ragan see's (Gelzer, " Ungedruckte . . . Texte der and (9).^ Notitia? epLscopatuum ", Munich, 1900, p. 557); nine LeoQtiuB of Bsrsantium is, in any case, a theologian about 1175 under Emperor Manuel Comnenus (Par- ol great hnportaiice. Apart from the merit of his they, "Hieroclis Synecdemus", Berlin. 1866, p. 121), OODUuvunial work against Nestorians and Moao- but only four at the close of the fifteenth century (Gel-
