published in Madrid are "Lectura", "Ateneo", "Es- pafia Moderna", "Nuestra Tiempo", and "Razon
MADRID 518 MADEID
and in 1808 it was made a daily. The "Diario" sept. The Church of the Atocha contams the tombs
was started in 1758. and its title afterwards be- of Palafox, hero of the war against Napoleon, and
came "Diario oficial de Avisos de Madrid. In of Prim, leader of the insurgents in 18&, who was
1825 it became the government newspaper. "Im- shot in 1870.
Sarcial" began in 1806; and "El Imparcial", "La Ecclesiastical Histort.;— The Diocese of Madrid
orrespondencia", and "El D(a" were pubhshed in which includes the civil province of Madrid ; area 3084
1867. " La Epoca " dates from 1848; and " El Uni- s(|. miles; is suffragan ot Toledo, and while its founda-
verso" is newer in the field. Among the reviews tion dates from the Concordat of 1851, it was not
canonically erected until the issuing ^f the Bull of 7
March, 1885, which united Alcald and Madrid. The
y Fe. " first bishop, Mgr Narciso Martinez Izquierdo, took
The Plaza.de Toros or bull ring dates from 1874. possession of the see, 2 August, 1885; and the Cathe-
It seats about 15,000 persons, and cost 3,000,000 dral chapter, erected 24 November, 1885, consists of
reales. It is in the Moorish st^le of architecture, with 20 canons and 8 beneficed ecclesiastics. The total
a very imposing arch. Madnd remains the Mecca of population of the Diocese in 1900 was 775,034 souls,
the toreros, and the corrida is one of the chief institu- divided into 240 parishes (of which 21 are in the town
tions of the national capital. of Madrid), containing 776 churches or chapels and
The national Church of Spain is the Catholic Church, the diocesan cler^ numbers 664. The principal A restricted liberty of worship is allowed to Protestants towns within the Diocese of Alcald with their popiua- of whom there are about 3000 in the whole kingdom: tions in 1904, are as follows: — ^AlcaU (10,300), Col- statistics for Madrid are lacking. The first Protestant menar de Oreja (3694), Colmenar Viejo (4758), Chin- Bishop of Madrid was appointed in 1895. There is chon (4200), Escorial (4570), Getafe (3820), Leganes a Protestant cemetery, and schools are conducted by (5412), Morata (4000), Navalcamero (3788), Pinto Protestants of various denominations in the town. (2396), San Martin de Valdeiglesias (3290), San Se- A project of law for extending greater liberty to non- bastian de los Reyes (1477), Tetuan (2825), Torrejon Catholic fofms of religion is at present (1910) in con- (3081), Valdemoro (2726), Vallecas (5625). templation. The total non-Catholic population of In the town of Madrid there are 67 houses of re- the country was 30,000 in 1900, of whom 4000 were ligious women (including 18 homes or institutes for Jews, 3000 Protestants, the remainder being Ration- orphans or old and infirm people under the care of the alists etc. The chief religious restrictions complained Sisters of St. Vincent of Paul), and 14 monasteries for of are the forbidding of the ringing of service bells men, Dominicans (Orator del Olivar; Nuestra Sefiora and the prohibition of non-Catholic houses of wprship de la Rosario), Augustinians (San Roque and E^pfritu with doors abutting on to the streets of the town. A Santo), Jesuits (San Miguel), Trinitarians (San I^nacio) letter from Mr. William Collier, U. S. minister at Redemptorists(San Justo),andServites(SanNicol^). Madrid to the Secretary of State^ Washington, 17 Besides the Hospital of San Rafael in Madrid, the Februanr, 1906, contains the following passage : The Brothers of St. Jonn of God have hospitals at Pinto and study of the statutes [of Spain] which I have made Ciemposuelos; the Capuchins have a house at £1 and the advice of counsel lead me to the opinion that Pardo; the Jesuits a college at Chamartin; the Piarist non-Catholics who are Spanish subjects may by com- Fathers a college at Alcaic and another at Getafe, plying with the provisions of the law, form legal associ- where the Trappists also have a farm ; the Augustin- ations vested with a legal personality, subject of course ians have a coue^ and monastery at Escorial and the in their ceremonies and religious observances to the Fathers of the Mission a house at Valdemoro. There restrictions of the constitutional provisions. The are Carmelite nuns at Loeches, Boadillaand Alcald; province of Madrid is mainly a region of small Dominican nuns at Loeches and Alcal^; Capuchin agriculturists, large towns are few, and the peasant nuns at Pinto; Franciscan nuns at Valdemoro, Cara- does not love to be taxed for educational purposes, banchel Bajo, Cubas, Chinchon, Ciempucuelos. Grifion That education is making rapid progress in Spain is and AlcaM; Augustinian nuns at Coleniar de Oreja proved by statistics. In 1860, about 75 per cent, of and at Alcald, where the Sisters of St. Vincent of Paul the people could neither read nor write; m 1880 the -maintain a hospital. The total number of convents, numoer stood at 68 per cent.; in 1900 the illiterates hospices, and hospitals in the hands of religious is 145. had been reduced to 30 per cent. In other words the The present bishop, Mgr Salvador y Barrera was young generation is growing up well educated. The bom at Marchena in the Diocese of Seville, 1 Octo- public schools of the country are in the hands of lay ber, 1851 ; appointed Bishop of Tarasona, 16 Deoem- teachers appointed after competitive examination, ber, 1901 ; transferred to Madrid, 14 December, 1905, while the teaching orders of the Church conduct where he succeeded Mgr Guisasola y Mendes. The private schools and institttios or high schools in which holydays of the Diocese are Christmas, Epiphanv, about one-fifth of the children of the country are Purification, Ash Wednesday, Annunciation, Holy educated. Thursday, Good Friday, Ascension^ Corpus Christi,
Churches. — San Pedro in the Calle de Segovia, is a All Saints, and Immaculate Conception, building in Moorish architecture and dates from the AlcalX on the Henares, 21 miles from Madrid, at
fourteenth century. It is the oldest church in Madrid, a height of 2000 feet above sea level is a town of
San Jer6nimo el Real, a liandsome Gothic building, historic importance and one of the first bishoprics
dates from 1503 and has been much restored. In this founded in Spain. Cervantes was born there, and
church the heir-apparent takes the Constitutional baptized in the Church of Santa Maria in 1547, and
oath, and in the convent close by, Charles of England the unhappy Catherine of Aragon, wife of Henry VIII
stayed when he visited Madrid, in 1623, on the oc- of England, was a native of the place. The name by
casion of the contemplated "Spanish Match". San which it was known to the Romans was Complutuni,
Francisco el Grande, the finest church in Madrid is but under the Moors it became a fortified to^Ti and
modelled on the Pantheon at Rome, and was built in was known as AlcaU, the stronghold or castle. In the
1784. Cervantes, Lope de Vega, and Velasquez are Middle Ages it was famous for its universitjr founded
buried there. San Isidro, the church of the patron by Cardinal Ximenez, which stood on the site of the
saint of Madrid, an ornate building, dates from 1626- modern Colegio de San Ildefonso. The bishop's
51, and has paintings by Rizi and Morales. It serves residence is now used for preserving historical archives,
as pro-cathedral to the diocese. The Ermita de It was designed by Bemiguete. and has a famous
San Antonio de la Florida has a frescoed dome by staircase. The umversity diapel dedicated to Saints
Goya. Santa Barbara dates from the reign of For- Just and Pastor has a monument to Cardinal Ximenez
dinand VI (1746-59), who lies buried in the tran- by Fancelli, an Italian sculptor. The surroundings of
