BUOMUS 5f
serrioeB the Magnificat receives a musical treatment not different from that accorded to the other canticles, and therefore quite Jiasimilar to that for Catholic Vespers, in which the length of time consumed in incensing the sJtar allows much greater musical elabo- ration. A giance through the pages of Novello's cata- logue of "Services" leads to the estimate of upwards of one thousand settings of the Magnificat!dt Anglican services by a single publishing house. Altogether, the eatimnte of Krchbie! that this canticle "has probably been set to music oftener than any hymn in the lit- UTKy" seems well within the truth.
"Jtf'WnutaU'^,
i.S. Pair
(Ranie. IBM), a. i
atlStributed tt ■-
M
827double-
f^
, OOf^BBA.. .,
a; Cote siDOB.rftiA'iinMonMjfT'A* Life d/Ow lord
lAa Wamb) (Lonilon, 1885), iei-334, u) eMended Eommeota: under itielHle. The Canticle of Man: liicoLj,t. La ViergtUarie fapri, fEmntile (Faris. ISSOj, 243-ST. arpin that Om Ham- uificat uloiie " pmvce the divinity of ChriatiBiiity and evea the exutanoeof dad"; DEiaiMitt, L'BxIimde Marie, m It Magnifl- oai (Paris, 1802); M'Swjset, TTantlatitmt of the Peatme and Cantiitcii u:ilh Canuntnlary (SB. Loab, 1901), sivenbi oolumaar tnni. from the Vulgate uid PeaUlD, with oommentary; a I.1P1UI:, 51. Liike'e Oaipel. tr. Moeeuxn (Lonilon, 18B2}, 4l-£7; McEvTLLT. £zpanlKma/(A<OD>p>l«/fi(.Z.u*r<NawYork.lBS8), 37-33: Bbxem, A HannaniiedExpawUion of ihe Four Ooepde,! (Booheater, New York, lS9e), 13S-45: ARinNio in B tcle nali- «at/ini>u,VUI(3Sl-2T),aderotioDiJeBBmy:SHEeaAM,eTim(M> 1^ (A* Magnificat (Noire Dune, lad.. IQOO} , > poetio mwliUtiaD 1- ».. h...j_j ..■_Hm_j «„.....- Baohsawe, TkePnlmtaiid j).lW3),|ivM<3E3]aiiutrlDal — '" "^ -imposes miMTioa] ve^
2Dd >"
Be by Cat!
in ^Hipi
r.i.Cur.
. rent of the Masofficat — thu vxilume givefl other po«ma ib
English dealiog either with Ihe caoticlee or with the VieitatioD (17, 3^1,490); cf. also Cortnina, HtBerien (London, 1803), 78, MO. For DOD-Catholic metrical vemions in EnEUsh.see Joi.uh. Diet, ol Hum-milomi, Znd ed. (London, 1907), 711 (Mi 801, coll (MewVenion); 1034, ooL 1 (Scottish Tn- IMl.ool. l(OldVenioD);U«iiBACH,Car7n>TM^m)M> JStrnBhurn, 1907). 430-33, givflB in sreat detui th(
..je Uasnifit
a of the Ml
S^^ii
1908). flO-69 thfl various
B. Out. ofUiuie and Mu>
£[^fie
a. V. Magnifieat: SlnaEHBlROEB, Guult la Catiiolic Chwri
Miuic (St. Fmocig, Wis.), cive> (14S-150) * liat of one hundred
upnvedaettinn; KnEHBlELin^cu Jf unc Rtvira (Feb., 1910),
147: ¥ia.KO,VBtUiftiqutdeJtan'SihailimBath (Psris, 1907),
_: — ...^ , , jjig, ^ luthor'a views o( Bach's
H. T. Hbnbt,
HkfDtu (Maonoaldds, HAoiNALoua, popularlv
known as St. Mano), Saint, apoatle of the A%au, d.
about 750 (655?). The history of St. Magnus is
shrouded in obscurity. The only source is an old
"Vita S. Magni", which, however, contains so many
manifest ariachronisms that little reliance can be
idaced on it. It relates that two Irish missionaries,
Columbanus and Gall, spent some time with Willinuu-,
& priest at Arbon. Here Gall fell sick and was put in
charge of Magnus and Theodore (Moginald and Thc-
odo), two clerics living with Willimar, while Colum-
banus proceeded to Italy and founded the monastery
of Bobbio. When Gall had been miraculously in-
they followed his rule. After the death of Gull, Mag-
nus succeeded him as superior of the cell.
About this time a priest of the Diocese of Augsburg, named Tozzo, came as a pilgrim to the grave of St, Gall and invited Magnus to accompany him ia the eastern part of Algitu. Magnus proceeded to Epla- ticus (Epfach), where Bishop Wichbert of Augsburg received him and entnia1«d him with the Christ ianiza- tion of Eastern Algiiu. He penetrated into the wil- derness, then crossed the River Lech at a place which is still known as St. Mangstntt (footstep of St. Mag- nus) and built a cell, where afterwards the monastery of Filssen was erected, and where he died.
The "Life" is said to have been written by Tbeo*
6 HAamn
dore, the companion of Magnus, and ^aoed in tha
gsve under the head of St. Magnus. When in 851 iBhopIantotranaferredthercUcstothenewiy erected church of FOsaen, this "Life" is said to have been found in a scarcely Ic^ble condition, and to have been emendated and rewritten by Ermenrich, a monk of Ellwangen. It was re-edited with worthless additions in 1070 Dv Othloh of St. Emmeram. A manuscript is preBerved at the Monastery of St. GaU (Codex 565). The chief inconsistencies in the "Life" are the follow- ing: St. Magnus is made a disciple of St. Gall (d. 627) and at the same time he is treated as a coniemponuy of Wichbert, the first historically established Bishop
, _, 339 sq.), and others, to reject the whole
Life" BS a forgery of ft much later date, while Steichele (Bistum Augsbui^, IV, 338 sq.), Baumann (Qescbichte des Allg&us, I, 93 sq.), and many others conclude that the first part of the "Life , where Magnus is made a companion of St. Gall, is a later ad£tion, and that the second part was written in S51 when the relics of the saint were transferred. The opinion of Stf ichele and Baumann is the one generally followed at present. They maintain that a monk Oi Ellwangea (probably not Ermenrich, as Goldast a»- (Wrtfl without any authority) wrote the " Life" in 851, when the body of Magnus was transferred. To attach more weight to the Life", the story was given out that it h&d been written l^ Theodore, the companion of Magnus, and was found with the body of the saint, but in a scarcely legible condition; that therefore s monk of Ellwangen was ordered t^ rewrite it. (This was acommoncustomoftheearly Middle Ages.) The "Lite", as it was written by the monk of EQwangcn,
cated a church in honour of St. Magnus at the monas-
tery of St. Gall, he received a relic and the "Lite"
from the monks of FUssen. The monks of St. Gall
had a tradition of another Magnus, who was a com-
panion of St. Gall and lived 100 years before the Apos-
tle of the Algau. They now wrote a new " Life, in
which they blended the tradition of the earlier Magnus
with the "Life" which they had received from FUs-
sen. This accounts for the historical discrepancies.
His feast is celebrated on 6 Sept.
AdaSS., Sept., II. 700-81; Steichele, Biadim Auffjiurv, IV (Auaibun. IS&b), 33S-36D; Bacuahn, GocJiicMn de> Atigiu^ I (Sempteti, 1883), 03-98; Sepp, Zur Moffniuleumde in Brilaae tur Auoiburatr PojUodmo. no. 38 (29 Junp, 1901). 283-86; BABtHBTUBBR, S(. Moffnut Aiffoiorum AjXffitolut (Tc^ernsee, 1721): TBArtuTnSBarER, Dtr hi. Maanui. Apo<rl dct Algauet (Kemplfn, 1842)1 Matek von Knunau in KealoKuk. fJr nniMtanJucAe Theolatit vnd Kirchr, XII (Leipii«, 19(13),
Michael Ott.
Hu[niu, Olaub, Swedish historian and geographer, b. at Steninge, Sweden, 1490; d. at Rome, 1 Aug,, 1558. He belonged to the old and noble family of Store (i. e. great, mnortijsj.and pursued his studies from 1510 to 1517 in Germany. lie was then, like his l>rother John Magnus, taken into the higher ecclesiastical service, and made cathedral provost at Strengnas. In 1523 King Gustave I named John Archbishop irf Upsala, and sent Olaus to the pope to have the ap- pointment confirmed. After vain efforts to prevent the king from introducing the new doctrines into Sweden, John went to Rome in 1537, and Olaus ac- companied him as secretary, having by his fidelity to Catholicism lost his property in the confiscation of church goods. When John died ui 1544, Olaus was appointed his successor in Upsala. but never entered into office, spending the rest of his life in Italy, for the most part in Rome. From 1545 to 1549 he attended the Council of Trent, having been commissioned to
