MAN 583
progress in the future. But sinoe the soul of man is KmK^BuimQfiK€H<dfMW9,n (tr..Lcttdan, ISM); Sobba*
the xBsult, not of evolution, but of creation, it is im- ">«*. if «'»we*rt/r«i unddMAluTett.MiSeAn. IWO), 204.
possible to look forward to any such advance as would w awbr ukuu.
mvolye a change in man's specific nature, or any MMiahan (Mamijr), Saint, a member of the Church
essential difference m its relation to its material en- of Antioch, foster-brother, or household-friend (<r6p.
vironment, m the physiolo^cal conditions under rpo4>ot, Vulg. coUactaneua), of Herod Antipas (who
which It at present exi^, or m its "relation/' to its had St. John the Baptist put to death) a£d one of
Dmne Creator The Herrenmoralit&t ' of Nietzsche those who, under the influence of the Holy Spirit, laid
— the " transvaluation of values' which is to revolu- hands upon Saul and Barnabas and sent the two
tionixe the present moral law, the new morality which Apostles on the first of St. Paul's missionary joumeys
man's chan^g relation to the Absolute may some (/ets, xiii, 3). As St. Luke was an Antiochene (see
day bnng mto existence— must, therefore, be consid- Eusebius, " Hist, eccl.". Ill, iv), it is not at all unlikely
ered to be not less mconsistent with the nature of that this influential member of "the prophets and
man than it is wantmg m historical probabilitv. doctore" of the Church of Antioch was one dfthe " eye-
St. Thomas Aquina», Opera (Panna, 1862-72); Braolbt, wif nA«iaft« onH minicif^ranf fhA vofvl" ^T iilr« i 9^ wKa
Appearance and Reality (London. 1890); Cathrwn. PkQoao- WltpesSM ana ministers Of the Word {^^f, », ^), WHO
phw MoralU (TTeibiiTii, 1895), D^YfxjLr^Hxatoriede la Pkihm>' dehvered unto Luke the details which that sacred
pkie MidUvaU (Louvain. 1905). tr. Oowwvr (London, 1900); writer has in regard to Antipas and other members of
fc^S S.»^J»^a&te?1i^' «« Herodum family.(«« LuCe iii, 1, 19, 20; viii, 3; ix,
TheoloouB Dogmatiea Compendium (Innsbruck, 1896); Lodge, 7-9; XlU, 31, 32; xxm,8-12; Acts,Zll). St. Manahen
Subt^Buice of Faith (London, 1907); hynE.Mierohomoe (Edin- may have become a disciple of Jesus with "Joanna,
bursh. 1885); Mahbr, P«i/cAo2o0V in o<anvAur«<iSene« (London, fhnmfe^ nif C^huan TTpmH'« Rtj^ward" /'T hIta viii W
1890): Merctbr. Peychologie (Louvain, 1908); NiirwscH*. Jen- "^6 5"® , *A'?'^ neroa S Stewam (l.uJte, Vlll, 6).
aeite von Out und Bdae (Leipsic, 1886); Nts, Coemologie (Lou- Antljpas left for Rome, A. D. 39, m order tO obtain
vain, 1906); RxcKABT, Moral Ph%lo9f>phy m Sumykurjd Senet the favour of Caligula, and received instead condem-
S^h^^n^^r^^l ^^ii/oT^^^ISS^ nation to.perpetual exfle (Joe " Aaf ', XVIII^^ 2).
Metaphysicarum Di^putationum tomi duo (Mains, 1605); Wm- At this time, the Church of Antioch Was founded by
DBLBAND.tr. Torre, «i«toryo/PAito«ogfcy (New York, 1893). Jewish Christians, who "had been dispersed by the
Francis Avkling. persecution that arose on the occasion of Stephen and
Man, Antiquity op. See Race, Human. ^ taught the Gospel also to the Greeks <rf Antioch,
(Acts, XI, 19-24). It IS quite likely that St. Manahen
Manahem (DH^O), "the consoler"; Septuagint, was one of these founders of the Antiochene Church.
Ma wij/i, Aquila, Mam-^p, was kine over Israel, according His feast is celebrated on 24 May.
to the chronology of Kautsch (Hist, of O. T. Litera- Ada SS., May, V, 273. Walter Drum.
l^K'-rK^a^' ^"^"Vl^^ K ""J '^P^'^l'l^ Schrader, from Manaos. See Amazones, Diocese op.
745-736 B. c. The short reign of Manahem is told m «»— ^v— *^'^ "^ ^-^^ «*o, ^ vro
IV Kings, XV, 13-22. He was "the son of Gadi", Manassas, the name of sev^n persons of theBible^
mavbe a scion of the tribe of Gad. Josephus (Antiq. a tribe of Israel, and one of the apocryphal writings.
Jud., ix, xi, 1) tells us he was a general ot the army of The Individuals. — (1) Manabses (Heb. nfi^JO;
Israel. The sacred writer of Iv Kings is apparently Sept. Maracrcr^), eldest son of Joseph and the Egyptian
synopsizing the Book of the Words (Hebrew, Aseneth (Gen., xli, 50-51; xlvi, 20). The name
' Deeds ') of the Days of the Kings of Israel ", and gives means " he that causes to forget"; Joseph assigned
scant details of the ten years that Manahem reigned, the reason for its bestowal: " God hath made me to
When Sellum conspired against and murdered Zacha* forget all my toils, and my father's house" (Gen., xH,
rias in Samaria, and set himself upon the throne of the 51) . Jacob blessed Manasses (Gen., xlviii); but gave
northern kingdom, Manahem refused to reco^se the preference to the younger son Ephraim, despite the
usurper; he marched from Thersa to Samana, about father's protestations in favour of Manasses. By this
six miles westwards, laid siege to Samaria, took it, blessing, Jacob put Manasses and Ephraim in the
murdered Sellum, and set himself upon the throne. He same class with Kuben and Simeon (verses 3-5), and
next destroyed Thapsa, which has not been located, gave foundation for the admission of the tribes of
put all its inhabitants to death, and treated even preg- Manasses and Ephraim.
nant women in the revolting fashion of the time. The (2) ManasbbSj Judith's husband, died of sunstroke
Prophet Osee (vii, 1-xiii, 15) describes the drunken- in Bethulia (Judith, viii, 2-3).
ness and debauchery implied in the words "he de- (3) Manasses, a character in the story of Ahikar
parted not from the sins of Jeroboam." (not in Vulg.^ut in Sept.) told by Tobias on the point
The reign of this military adventurer is important of death. The Vatican MS. mentions Manasses
from the Tact that therein the Assyrian first entered (Maro^^^) as one ** who ^ve alms and escaped the
the land of Israel. ' ' And Phul, king of the Assyrians, snare of death" : the Sinaitic MS. mentions no one, but
came into the land, and Manahem gave Phul a thou- dearly refers the almsgiving and escape to Achia-
sand talents of silver" (IV Kings, xv, 19). It is now charus. The reading ot the Vatican MS. is probably
generally admitted that Phul is Tiglath-Pileser III of an error ("Rev. Bibl.", Jan.^ 1899).
the cuneiform inscriptions. Phul was probably his (4) Manasses, son of Bam, one of the companions
personal name and the one that first reached Israel, of Esdras who married foreij^ wives (I Esd., x, 30).
nis rei^n (745-728 b. c.) had begun at most two years (5) Manasses, son of Hasom, another of the same
before Manahem's. The Assyrians may have been in- oompanions of Esdras (I Esd., x, 33).
vited into Israel by the Assyrian party. Osee speaks (6; Manasses (according to k'thibh of Massoretic
of the two anti-Israelitic parties, the Egyptian and Text and Sept.), ancestor of Jonathan, a priest of the
Assyrian (vii, 11). The result of the expedition of tribeof Dan (Judges, xviii, 30). The Vulgate and k'ri
TigLath-Pilcser was an exorbitant tribute imposed of the Massoretic Text give Moses, the correct reading,
upon Rezin of Damascus and Manahem of Samaria (7) Manasses, thirteenth King of Juda (692-6&
(Mi-ni-hi-im-mi Sa-mi-ri-na-ai). This tribute, 1000 B.C.— cf. Schrader, "Keilinschr.imd das A. T."), son
talents of silver (about $1,700,000) was exacted by and succeraor to Esechias <rV Kings, xx, 21 sq.).
Manahem from all the mighty men of wealth. Eacn The historian of IV Kings tells us much about the
Caid fifty shekels of silver — about twenty-eight dol- evil of his reign (xxi, 2--10), and the punishment
irs. There were, at the time, then, some 60,000 thereof foretold by the Prophets (verses 10-15), but
"that were mightv and rich" in Israel. In view of practically nothing about the rest of the doings of
this tribute, Tiglath-Pileser returned to Assyria. Manasses. He brought back the abominations of
Manahem seems to have died a natural dcfttb* His Achas; imported the adoration of all the host of
son Fhaceia reined in his steiMl, heaven", seemingly the astral, solar, and lunax tsLt^esi^
